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The Protestant Reformation: Causes and Impact on Society

Explore the reasons behind the Protestant Reformation and its effects on Church, society, and European history. Learn about Martin Luther, indulgences, and the spread of Lutheranism through the printing press.

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The Protestant Reformation: Causes and Impact on Society

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  1. Chapter 3, Section 1 Why did the Protestant Reformation Occur?

  2. This religious feeling would bring about a reform of the Church and society. The Christian humanists believed in the ability of human beings to reason and improve themselves.

  3. He humorously criticized society's moral and religious state and called for a simpler, purer faith. Desiderius Erasmus: believed that Christianity should show people how to live good lives on a daily basis, not just provide beliefs that might help them be saved

  4. Church officials were viewed as using their church offices to advance their careers and their wealth People wanted to know how to save their souls, but many parish priests appeared unwilling or unable to offer them advice or instruction.

  5. An indulgence was a document sold by the Church and signed by the pope or another church official that released the bearer from all or part of the punishment for sin. According to Church practice at that time, venerating a relic, such as a scrap of a saint's clothing, could gain someone an indulgence.

  6. Some people believed the indulgences attached to them could reduce time spent in purgatory by 1,443 years. -The church also sold indulgences. Frederick III, also known as Frederick the Wise, had amassed more than 5,000 relics.

  7. This idea, called justification by faith alone, became the chief teaching of the Protestant Reformation. Through his study of the Bible, Martin Luther came to believe that humans are not saved through their good works but through their faith in God.

  8. Printing by moveable type (Guttenberg’s press) played a key role in the spread of Protestantism.

  9. “Therefore those preachers of indulgences are in error, who say that by the pope's indulgences a man is freed from every penalty, and saved”-Martin Luther during the Protestant Reformation

  10. Luther called on the German princes to overthrow the papacy in Germany and establish a reformed German church. Martin Luther was made an outlaw within the empire. His works were to be burned, and Luther was to be captured and delivered to the emperor.

  11. His doctrine soon became known as Lutheranism. Lutheranism was the first Protestant faith. Luther was able to gain the support of many of the German rulers among the approximately three hundred states that made up the Holy Roman Empire.

  12. The Protestant Reformation was a turning point in European history because it ended religious unity in western Europe.

  13. The Lutheran princes were well organized. Unable to defeat them, Charles was forced to seek peace. Rulers such as Charles V (Holy Roman Emperor) saw the Reformation (like the Renaissance) as a force that encouraged people to question tradition, and disrupt society.

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