Global History & Geography Vocabulary List #4

1. Global History & GeographyVocabulary List #4

2. The code of bushido of the Japanese samurai is most similar to the • Belief in reincarnation and karma of Hindus • Teachings of Judaism • Theory of natural rights of the Enlightenment writers • Practice of chivalry by European knights

3. Chivalry • The code of conduct followed by knights during the Middle Ages

4. “Civilization is older than history.”This statement can be used to support the importance of which social science? • Psychology • Sociology • Archeology • Political science

5. Civilization • Community characterized by elements such as a system of writing, development of social classes and cities

6. Stalin’s Five-Year plans and his decision to form collectives are examples of • Strategies to modernize the economy of the Soviet Union through forced communism • A more friendly foreign policy toward China • Methods of dealing with the United States during the Cold War • Programs to westernize, educate, and enlighten the population

7. Collective • Large farm owned and operated by workers as a group

8. Which is the most valid statement concerning the terms “liberal” and “conservative” as used in politics? • They refer to things which do not really exist. • The ideas indicated by the terms are usually not understood. • Their meanings are dependent on the time period. • They can apply only to people, not to ideas.

9. Conservatism • Set of beliefs held by those who want to preserve traditional ways

10. Which United States foreign policy was used to maintain the independence of Greece and Turkey after World War II? • Nonalignment • Militarism • Neutrality • Containment

11. Containment • Cold War policy that involved limiting communism to areas already under Soviet control

12. Which statement is an opinion rather than a fact? • Subsistence farmers in Asia are satisfied with their lives. • China has the largest population in the world. • Elected rulers who try to establish democracy have sometimes been overthrown by military coups. • Japan exports more automobiles to the United States than the United States exports to Japan.

13. Coup d’etat • A revolt by a small group intended to overthrow a government

14. What was one of the many important contributions the ancient Egyptians made to the world? • Codified laws • Cuneiform writing • A system of irrigation • The use of the printing press

15. Cuneiform • Writing of ancient Mesopotamia

16. Which statement best describes the geography of Africa? • Most of the continent is made up of tropical rain forests. • Most major rivers are navigable for their entire length. • The irregular coastline provides many natural harbors. • Deserts and savannas cover almost half of the continent.

17. Desert • Dry barren land

18. What was the cause of the event known as “The African Diaspora”? • Forced migration of African peoples from their homeland. • Development of trade routes in North Africa. • Expansion of African kingdoms involved in the slave trade. • Dependence by Africans on imports for economic development.

19. Diaspora • A scattering of people, as when the Jewish people were forced to leave their homeland in Palestine

20. In Latin America, which situation has usually resulted when military leaders seize power? • Dictatorships are established • Democratic rule by civilian government is quickly restored • Alliances are formed with Communist nations • Divisions between the social classes are eliminated

21. Dictator • Leader with total power and control

22. One similarity between the decline of the Roman Empire and the fall of the Manchu Dynasty was that both initially led to • Democratically elected governments • Improved economic conditions • Major accomplishments in art, science, and technology • Political chaos and decentralization of government

23. Dynasty • Ruling family

24. Since the 1960’s, a major improvement in African agriculture has been • A greater emphasis on subsistence farming • An increased use of scientific techniques • An increased dependence on a one-crop economy in many countries • A decreased reliance on irrigation systems

25. Enclosure • Process of taking over and fencing off land once shared by peasant farmers

26. “With sincere hear and unpretended faith I [reject]…and detest the aforesaid errors and heresies [of Copernicus] and also every other error…contrary to the Holy Church, and I swear that in the future I will never again say or assert…anything that might cause a similar suspicion toward me.” – GalileoThe best explanation as to why Galileo made the given statement is that he • Was a strong supporter of Church doctrine • Had lost faith in the teachings of science • Wanted to advance his ideas through the Church • Feared that the Church might excommunicate him

27. Excommunicate • To exclude from the Roman Catholic Church as penalty for refusing to obey church laws

28. Which of the following leaders is most closely associated with the rise of fascism in Italy prior to World War II? • Ho Chi Minh • Winston Churchill • Mao Zedong • Benito Mussolini

29. Fascism • The rule of a people by a dictatorial government that is nationalistic and imperialistic

30. _________________________A. decentralized governmentB. based on loyalty and serviceC. code of chivalryD. military eliteWhich political system is best described in the outline above? • Absolutism • Democracy • Feudalism • Oligarchy

31. Feudalism • Social, political and economic system where land and protection is exchanged for service and loyalty

32. The Communist Revolution in China differed from the 19th-century Marxist ideals because this revolution was primarily supported by the • Gentry • Factory owners • Peasants • warlords

33. Gentry • Wealthy landowning class

34. Which action occurred in the Soviet Union under Mikhail Gorbachev? • Peasants were forced onto collective farms. • Citizens experienced more personal freedoms under glasnost. • The United States and the Soviet Union ended diplomatic relations. • The Soviet government increased its control over the Orthodox Church.

35. Glasnost • “Openness”, relaxation of censorship in the Soviet Union under Gorbachev

36. Which style of architecture is characterized by stained glass windows, tall spires, flying buttresses, and pointed arches? • Corinthian • Ionic • Gothic • Neoclassical

37. Gothic • Style of European architecture characterized by pointed arches and flying buttresses

38. Which modern unit is most similar to a medieval guild? • An association of manufacturers • A bank with international interests • A government regulatory agency • An insurance company

39. Guild • A type of trade association of merchants or artisans that was active in the middle ages

40. Historians are interested in studying Maya ruins in Mexico, haiku poetry in Japan, and the music of Chopin because such cultural and intellectual developments • Reveal the political structure of that society • Help to explain the role of geography in that society • Illustrate the economic status of individuals in that society • Reflect the values of that society

41. Haiku • Form of Japanese poetry that expresses a feeling, thought, or idea in three lines typically about nature