Franklin Delano Roosevelt

1. Franklin Delano Roosevelt 32nd President of the United States 1933-1945 Democrat By Jack Bae

2. Early Life Born to James and James Roosevelt in 1882 Spent youth in Hyde Park, New York Family had large estate and farm with hundreds of workers Did not have much contact with peers

3. Schooling Groton School First schooling outside home School for wealthy, powerful families Harvard College History major, average student Editor of Crimson, Harvard�s newspaper Columbia Law School Attended two years but never graduated Did not have passion for law

4. Marriage While in Harvard, met Anna Eleanor Roosevelt Serious and intelligent Niece of president Theodore Roosevelt Democrat with strong interest in politics Had 6 children between 1906~1916

5. After college While in Columbia Law School, FDR passed the bar Worked for few years for several law firms in New York Started to admire Theodore Roosevelt

6. Entrance to Politics Roosevelt ran for state senate in Dutchess County, New York Won in Republican dominated area Defender of farmers Progressive politics Believed that government had to play a role in creating a equitable society Opposed Tammany Hall political machine Earned enmity from powerful group of politicians

7. State Senator Reelected in 1912 to the state senate Forged a friendship with Louis Howe, a political journalist He would become his chief political advisor for the next two decades Did not finish his term as a senator

8. Assistant Secretary of Navy Roosevelt backed Wilson in presidential election of 1912 Became assistant secretary of navy Follows TR�s footsteps Louis Howe as assistant Clashed into opposition with Wilson�s policies FDR advocated big navy Also advocated US entrance to World War I Once in WWI, supervised much of navy�s contribution to war

9. Other Events during Secretary of Navy FDR ran for the U.S. Senate in 1914 but failed Had romantic relationship with Lucy Mercer She was Eleanor�s social secretary When Eleanor discovered the affair in 1918, she offered divorce FDR denied because divorce would have a negative effect in his political career From here on, FDR and ER�s relationship was political rather than romantic

10. Nomination for Vice President Election of 1920 Democrats nominated James Cox as president FDR as vice president Loses election to Republican Warren Harding

11. Personal Disaster In 1921, Roosevelt went to Campobello Island, New Brunswick, Canada After swimming in cold water, Roosevelt was paralyzed the next day He was diagnosed with poliomyelitis It had no cure Stayed in contact with leading Democrats

12. Governor of New York Democratic presidential nominee Al Smith asked Roosevelt to run for NY state governor to bolster Democratic support in NY Smith loses election to Harding, but FDR wins by a narrow margin Established number of social programs

13. Election of 1932 Democrat Franklin D. Roosevelt Repeal of prohibition Assailed Hoover depression Social and economic reforms �Happy Days Are Here Again.� Republican Herbert Hoover Voluntarism High tariffs �The Worst is Past� �It Might Have Been Worse�

14. Election of 1932 Results Shift of African American votes to Democrats Minorities suffered most during depression

15. FDR Elected �I pledge you, I pledge myself to a new deal for the American people.� �Let me assert my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itself.�

16. The Same Year�

17. First New Deal Acts FDR closes banks, March 6 � 10 To restore bank�s confidence Delivered fireside chats over radio Assured citizens that it was now safe to keep money in banks

18. The Hundred Days Congress Three R�s for the New Deal Recovery Relief Reform Emergency Congress Also called Hundred Days Congress Passed every law requested Enacted more major legislation than any single congress

20. Hundred Days Congress: Financial Acts Emergency Banking Relief Act of 1933 President has power to regulate banking transactions and foreign exchange and to reopen solvent banks FDR orders all gold to be surrendered to the Treasury For exchanges for paper currency Took nation off the god standard FDR wanted to achieve inflation Glass-Steagall Banking Relief Act Created Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) Insured bank deposits up to $5000

21. Hundred Days Congress: Unemployment Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) Federal money for states that operated relief for jobless/homeless Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) Projects on federal lands Employed 300,000 young men and paid their families Home Owners� Loan Corporation (HOLC) Provided refinancing of small homes to prevent foreclosures Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) Millions of dollars to help farmers meet their mortgages

22. Hundred Days Congress: Industry National Recovery Administration (NRA) Designed to assist industry, labor, and the unemployed Helped workers by minimum wages and maximum weekly hours Allowed industry to set minimum prices Limited success Supreme Court ruled unconstitutional (Schechter v. U.S.) Public Works Administration (PWA) Long range recovery $4 billion spent for various projects Grand Coulee Dam in Columbia River built because of this project

23. Hundred Days Congress: Farmers Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) Paid growers to reduce their crop acreage Backfired and increased unemployment of farmers Supreme Court declared unconstitutional in 1936 Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 Encouraged tribes to establish local self-government and to preserve their native crafts and traditions

24. Hundred Days Congress: Business Federal Securities Act Required promoters to transmit to the investor sworn information regarding the soundness of their stocks and bonds Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Regulation of stock market Not by Hundred Days Congress

25. Hundred Days Congress: TVA Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) Built power plants and dams in impoverished Tennessee Valley Brought employment, cheap electric power, low cost housing, restoration of eroded soil, reforestation, and flood control

26. Hundred Days Congress: Others United States Housing Authority (USHA) Not by Hundred Days Congress Lent money to states for low-cost construction Federal Housing Administration (FHA) Not by Hundred Days Congress Loans for building and repairing houses Beer-Wine Revenue Act Repeals prohibition partially Further repealed by 21st Amendment in 1933

27. Social Security Act of 1935 Federal insurance program Collected tax from working class and employees Fund used to retired people over 65 Also unemployment compensation and disabled received benefits

28. New Deal Labor Acts Wagner Act Also called National Labor Relations Act Guaranteed a worker�s right to join a union National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) enforced this law Fair Labor Standards Act Minimum wage (40 cents an hour) Maximum work of 40 hours a week with overtime wages Child labor restriction for those under 16 U.S. v. Darby Lumber Co. Supreme court reversed earlier ruling regarding prohibiting child labor

29. Election of 1936 Franklin D. Roosevelt vs. Alfred M. Landon Huge Democrat majority in the House, Senate and the president

30. Second Term Roosevelt recession (1937) Unemployment rises again Caused by high taxes due to Social Securities Act Hatch Act of 1939 Forbade use of government funds for political purposes Forbade collection of campaign contributions from people receiving relief payments FDR backed off from New Deal second term Reduced Democratic majority in Congress Growing Nazi fears leading to interest in foreign policy

31. Random Terms Brain Trust Similar to kitchen cabinet Young college professors who authored many New Deal legislatures and speeches Keynesianism Recommendation by British economist John Maynard Keynes Economic program by planned deficit spending Court packing FDR tried to appoint new Supreme Court justice for every one over the age of 70 Congress denies

32. Good Neighbor Policy �I would dedicate this nation to the policy of the Good Neighbor.� Improved relationship with Latin American countries Pan-American Conference Pledged never to intervene in internal affairs of a Latin American country Nullified Platt Amendment U.S. only kept naval base at Guantanamo Bay

33. Prelude to War Isolationist America Neutrality Act of 1935 Neutrality Act of 1936 Neutrality Act of 1937 All basically forbade shipping materials and forbade loaning to quarrelsome nations Spanish Civil War General Francisco Franco led Civil War

34. Election of 1840 Franklin D. Roosevelt vs. Wendell L. Willkie �Better Third Term Than a Third-Rater.�

37. Arsenal of Democracy FDR said US must stand behind those nations with freedom of speech, religion, want, and fear Lend-Lease Act Permits Britain to obtain arms with credit U.S. protected Britain ships with American materials Undeclared naval war with Germany

38. Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941, Japanese planes bombed every ship in sight 2 hour attack resulted in 2400 Americans dead, 1200 wounded, 20 warships destroyed, and 150 airplanes destroyed

39. Declaration of War �Yesterday, December 7, 1941 -- a date which will live in infamy -- the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan.�

40. Election of 1944 Franklin D. Roosevelt vs. Thomas Dewey

42. Yalta Conference Big Three (Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin) met in Yalta to discuss events after World War II

43. Death On April 12, 1945, FDR dies while resting in Warm Springs, Georgia Vice president Harry S Truman inaugurates

44. Sources American Pageant Flag book http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Election_of_1920 www.nps.gov/fdrm/fdr/biography.htm history1900s.about.com/.../blhitler52.htm http://www.nisk.k12.ny.us/fdr/wait_for_fdr/33031101.gif http://junior.britannica.com/eb/art/print?id=72254&articleTypeId=0 www.irwinator.com/126/126-5306.htm www.answers.com/topic/fireside-chats http://www.jamd.com/search?text=pearl%20harbor%20newspaper&partner=Google&epmid=1 www.neatorama.com www.johnsimonds.com/category/history/ abcnews.go.com/.../Inauguration/popup?id=412836 www.nwcouncil.org/history/GrandCouleeHistory.asp www.llgc.org.uk/illingworth/illingworth_s040.htm

45. The End.