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Central Nervous System

Central Nervous System. Ch. 13-1. Protective Structures. Bone Meninges C erebro -spinal fluid. Meninges. Three connective tissue coverings that encircle the spinal cord and brain Dura mater – most superficial Arachnoid mater – looks like spider web

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Central Nervous System

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  1. Central Nervous System Ch. 13-1

  2. Protective Structures • Bone • Meninges • Cerebro-spinal fluid

  3. Meninges • Three connective tissue coverings that encircle the spinal cord and brain • Dura mater – most superficial • Arachnoid mater – looks like spider web • Pia mater – thin, transparent, adheres to surface of brain and spinal cord

  4. Meninges

  5. Meninges

  6. Spinal Cord • Has 31 segments, each with a pair of spinal nerves • 2 main enlargements • Cervical – supplies nerves to upper limbs • Lumbar – supplies nerves to lower limbs • Function • Conducting nerve impulses • Serves as a center for spinal reflexes

  7. Spinal Cord

  8. Spinal Cord • Ascending – impulses travel to the brain (sensory) • Descending – impulses travel to the muscles (motor)

  9. Reflexes • Fast, automatic, unplanned sequence of actions that occurs in response to a particular stimulus • Some are inborn • Moving hand from hot surface • Some are learned or acquired • Slamming on breaks while driving

  10. Reflexes • Spinal reflex • Integration occurs in spinal cord • Knee-jerk reflex • Cranial reflex • Integration occurs in brain stem • Tracking movements of the eyes while reading • Somatic reflex • Involve contraction of skeletal muscles • Autonomic reflex • Not consciously perceived

  11. Reflex Arc • Pathway followed by a nerve impulse that produces a reflex • 5 components • Sensory receptor • Sensory neuron • Integrating center • Motor neuron • Effector

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