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PRT 2008

PRT 2008. Lecture 7. Soil. Definition. Land Soil. Soil. It is an important natural resource for agriculture Agriculture is essentially a land-based activity Plants obtains water and nutrients from the soils. Soil forming factors. Parent material Climate Topography Vegetation Time.

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PRT 2008

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  1. PRT 2008 Lecture 7

  2. Soil

  3. Definition • Land • Soil

  4. Soil • It is an important natural resource for agriculture • Agriculture is essentially a land-based activity • Plants obtains water and nutrients from the soils

  5. Soil forming factors • Parent material • Climate • Topography • Vegetation • Time

  6. Type of soil Check the soil profile

  7. Soil order Based on the physical and chemical properties. Soils are classified into 12 groups called order.

  8. Histosol Also called peat soil. In Malaysia, the area under Histosol is about 2.4 m ha (7%). Contain organic matter. Usually under water. Poor soil for agriculture unless properly reclaimed.

  9. Entisol New soil. Profile contain horizon A and C. Occurs under water or sloping land.

  10. Inceptisol More developed than Entisol. Contain A/B/C horizons.

  11. Alfisol Contains argillic horizon (Bt). Fertile soil. Limited distribution in Malaysia. Common in the temperate areas of the world.

  12. Ultisol Contains argillic horizon (Bt). Highly weathered soil. Poor soil. Very common in Malaysia. Grown with oil palm, rubber and fruit trees.

  13. Oxisol Contains oxic (oxide of iron and Al) horizon. Highly weathered. Red or reddish yellow in color. Poor soil. Grow with rubber, oil palm and fruit trees. Ultisol and Oxisol occupy about 72 % of Malaysia.

  14. Spodosol A sandy soil. Also called BRIS soil in Malaysia. Occurs along the beaches. Poor soil. Contain spodic horizon.

  15. Mollisol Contain mollic epipedon (black in color). Found in grasslands such as Steppes and Prairie. Black soil. Very fertile for agriculture although water availability can be a problem.

  16. Vertisol Contain mineral smectite which can expand and contract, depending on water. Found extensively in Sudan and India. Fertile soil. No good for construction.

  17. Andisol Soil developed on volcanic ash. Contain allophane which fix P. Found extensively in Indonesia (Java and Sumatra) and Japan.

  18. Aridisol Soil found in the desert. Not enough water. Contain too much salt. Difficult for agriculture.

  19. Gelisol Soil found in the cold region (Tundra)

  20. Soil classification in Malaysia • We have our own system • We call our soils peat, acid sulfate soils, BRIS soil, weathered soils, ex-mining soils • We also called them by the series – Serdang, Munchong, Prang, Melaka, Rengam (about 100 series have been identified and named)

  21. Soils on sloping land These soils need proper management.

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