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Nationalism Around The World

Nationalism Around The World. Mr. Ermer World History Honors Miami Beach Senior High. Ottoman Decline. Through 1800s, the Ottoman Empire was in slow decline Europeans called it “the sick man of Europe” Steadily lost territory in N. Africa to Fr & UK Sultan Abdulhamid II is authoritarian

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Nationalism Around The World

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  1. Nationalism Around The World Mr. Ermer World History Honors Miami Beach Senior High

  2. Ottoman Decline • Through 1800s, the Ottoman Empire was in slow decline • Europeans called it “the sick man of Europe” • Steadily lost territory in N. Africa to Fr & UK • Sultan Abdulhamid II is authoritarian • Suspends constitution and legislature • Young Turks, force restoration in 1908 • Non-Ottoman Turks want Turkish nation

  3. Ottoman Collapse • Ottoman Empire joins Central Powers in First World War • 1915: Armenian genocide • Turks kill over 1 million Armenians • T. E. Lawrence pushes Arab independence • British troops seize Palestine • Ottomans surrender in 1918, kill more Armenians

  4. The Turkish Republic • After WWI, France and Britain split M.E. • Greece invades Turkey, Col. Mustafa Kemal takes land back, est. republic • Kemal is known as Kemal Ataturk • Ataturk modernizes and secularizes society • Abolishes the caliphate in 1924

  5. Rise of Modern Iran • Qajar Dynasty in Persia needs help of British and Russians to stay in power • British discover oil in Persia in 1908 • Most profits go to British oil companies • 1921: Reza Khan takes capital city: Tehran • 1925: Khan est. himself as “shah” (king) • Reza Shah Pahlavi makes reforms like Ataturk and renames country Iran

  6. Arab Nationalism • France and Britain split territory in M.East • Britain: Iraq, Palestine and Jordan • France: Syria and Lebanon • France and Britain draw the borders • Ibn Saud unites Arabs in Arabian Desert • Est. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia • American oil companies find oil in Saudi Arabia, kingdom becomes rich over night

  7. Palestine • Jews left area as exiles in first century AD • Muslim Arabs=80% of population • Both Jews and Arabs want area as own • 1890s: Zionist (Israel) movement begins • Balfour Declaration: Britain supports a Jewish state in Palestine • Many Jews begin to move to Palestine • 1939: Britain tries to control flow of Jews to Palestine, tensions increase in area

  8. African Nationalism • WWI: Africans fight in French and British army • German colonies go to France and Britain • Africans had hoped for independence • Nationalist movements start in Kenya, spread throughout Africa • Reforms made • African-Americans voice concern • Pan-Africanism, call for Africans to unite

  9. Indian Independence • Before WWI, Mohandas Gandhi is active in Indian Self-Rule Movement • Called Mahatma, or “Great Soul” • Used civil disobedience to reach goal • Indian National Congress fights for freedom • Motilal Nehru is leader of INC • Gandhi=Hindu, traditional, Indian • Nehru=Secular, modern, Western • Tension between Muslims and Hindus • With independence, territory splits in two: • India=Hindu homeland • Pakistan=“land of the pure” is Muslim homeland

  10. The Rise of Japan • Japan modernizes under order of emperor • Spends heavily to industrialize and build a modern military war machine • Japan conquers Formosa, Korea and Manchuria (Northeast China) • Military gains control of the government

  11. Revolution In China • Nationalist Party: Democracy, Sun Yat-sen • Communist Party: 1921 Shanghai • Two groups join to fight old warlords, and western powers in China • 1925: Sun Yat-sen dies, replaced by Chian Kai-shek, attacks Communists • Communists go into hiding, Communist leader Mao Zedong rallies support of the poor in the countryside

  12. The Long March • 1931: Chiang Kai-shek drives Communists out of all cities, out to countryside with Mao • Mao fights back with guerrilla tactics • 1934: Mao’s People’s Liberation Army (PLA) breaks through Nationalist lines and starts 6,000 mile march to the last Communist base in NW China • Of 90,000 troops that started the march, only 9,000 survived

  13. The New China • Promised to stick to Sun Yat-sen’s dream of a republic, but first a transition period • Train/Educate workers, carry out land reforms and modernize industry • New Life Movement: bring western and modern values together with traditional Chinese philosophy • Fear of Communism made the government in Nanjing repressive

  14. The Americas • Many Latin American countries rely on one or two exports for whole economy • U.S. replaces Britain as main investor • American companies make most $ • Many Latin Americans angry at U.S. control • U.S. money keeps “friendly” dictators in pwr • 1933: FDR issues Good Neighbor Policy • 1934: No American soldiers in L.A. for first time

  15. Depression & Authoritarianism • The Great Depression=disaster • Governments push for industrialization • Small groups of rich control countries as an Oligarchy • As governments take control of new industries, greedy people enter politics and establish authoritarian governments

  16. Chapter 23 Assessment • On page 476, write and answer questions 1-10

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