Nationalism and Revolution around the World timeline

1. Nationalism and Revolution around the Worldtimeline Struggle in Latin America What do you know about it?

2. Latin America in the early 1900s

3. Mexico, like other Latin American countries, was in the midst of a struggle to create itself. • By 1910, the dictator Porfirio Díaz had ruled Mexico for almost 35 years.He oversaw a period of peace and prosperity, but not everyone was fortunate.

5. Discontent rippled through Mexican society. • Madero was democratically elected in 1911 • assassinated by Victoriano Huerta • Huerta becomes dictator. In 1910, liberal reformer Francisco Madero demanded free elections, and Díaz resigned.

6. Peasants Francisco “Pancho” Villa and Emiliano Zapata joined forces with rich landowner Venustiano Carranza to defeat Huerta. • After they defeated Huerta, Carranza turned on Villa and Zapata and defeated them.

8. In 1917, Carranza was elected president of Mexico. • Constitution of 1917 • Land reforms • Religious reforms • Labor reforms • Suffrage • Women’s rights He reluctantly approved a new constitution.

9. Summarizing Video

10. How does this image embody some of the goals of the Mexican Revolution?

11. After Carranza was overthrown in 1920, fighting in Mexico continued throughout the decade. In 1929, the government organized what later became the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). The PRI dominated Mexican politics from the 1930s until the free election of 2000.

12. The PRI:

13. As the Mexican government restored order, it began to carry out reforms in the 1920s and 1930s.

14. In 1938, President Cárdenas nationalizedMexico’s oil resources and compensated American and British oil companies for their losses. The Mexican government supported labor unions and set up schools and libraries to combat illiteracy. Mexico became the first Latin American nation to pursue real social and economic reforms for the majority of its people.

16. Latin America went into an economic crisis because of World War I and the Great Depression. • Prices and demand for Latin American exports fell. • Import prices rose, causing sweepingeconomic nationalism. • Many countries tried to develop industry, but few were successful.

17. The economic crisis caused people to lose faith in the ruling oligarchies and in liberal government. • Political nationalism lead to strong authoritarian governments. • People hoped that these governments could do a better job controlling the economy.

18. What about US-Latin American Relations?

19. The United States made many investments in Latin America in the early 1900s, but also interfered when its interests were threatened. U.S. president Franklin Roosevelt pledged that America would follow the Good Neighbor Policyin Latin America. These actions stirred up anti-American feelings in Latin America. This policy supported Latin American nationalism and improved relations between Latin America and the United States.

20. Vocabulary – pgs. 490- 1. Haciendas 2. Nationalization 3. Economic nationalism 4. Cultural nationalism 5. Good Neighbor Policy • Apartheid • Pan-Africanism • Pan-Arabism • Balfour Declaration • Civil disobedience 11. Boycott 12. Guomindang 13. Long March 14. Hirohito 15. Ultranationalists