Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions in the post 2012

1. Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions in the post 2012 Ann Gordon Ministry of Natural Resources and the Environment Belmopan

2. Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) Content • Origin • What is a NAMA • Scope of NAMAs • Cancun Agreement and NAMAs • Current developing countries’ proposed NAMAs

3. Origin of NAMAs Paragraph 1 (b) (ii) of the Bali Action Plan calls for “Nationally appropriate mitigation actions’ by developing country Parties in the context of sustainable development, supported and enabled by technology, financing and capacity building, in a measurable, reportable and verifiable manner”.

4. What is a NAMA Appendix II to the Copenhagen Accord Source: ECOFYS-Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions

5. NAMAs and the Copenhagen Accord • Developed countries agreed to provide 30 billion USD in fast track financing between 2010 and 2012 and to mobilize 100 billion per year by 2020. • No decisions made in 2009 on modalities and required institutions. • Mechanisms to raise and distribute funds, and procedures to measure, report and verify NAMAs must be in place

6. Cancun Agreement and NAMAS • Schedule for establishing guidelines for measuring reporting and verification • A registry for matching NAMAs and support is established (registry will record NAMAs and their support) • Creation a fund to finance mitigation and adaptation actions • New technology transfer mechanisms • Creation on “new market based mechanisms” – no explicit text on CDM • Individual pledges submitted under Copenhagen Accord anchored under UNFCCC

8. National Climate Change Action Plan or Low Emission Development Strategies Sectoral Strategy Sectoral Strategy INDUSTRY • Sectoral Strategy • BUILDINGS • Implementation of building codes • Define and implement building codes • Create institutions to support definition, implementation and enforcement • Promotion of solar thermal use • Conduct study and implement • Information and capacity building • Incentives for efficient appliances • Implement labeling regulations Source ECOFYS: Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions

9. Financing of Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions REGISTRY OFFICIAL DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE SUPPORTED NAMAS UNILATERAL NAMAS MARKET BASED MECHANISMS BILATERAL MULTILATERAL GREEN CLIMATE FUND DOMESTIC FINANCING CARBON CREDITS Decision postponed to COP 17 Adapted from ECOFYS

10. Directly Supported NAMAs • Can be • Projects (e.g. Bus Rapid Transit lane) • Programmes (e.g. energy efficient lighting program) • Policy instrument and tools including: • Pilot programmes in local communities • Energy efficiency standard in buildings and transport sectors • Appliance labelling and provision of subsidies • Phasing out small inefficient power plants • Inefficient cement and steel plants • Replacement of incandescent light bulbs with compact fluorescent bulbs • Removing fuel subsidies • Appropriate taxation policies • Development and implementation of a strategy • National mitigation target

11. Current Developing Countries’ Proposed NAMAs Become climate neutral around 2020 • Costa Rica, Maldives Percentage reduction of national emission below BAU or base year in 2020 • Brazil, Indonesia, Israel, Marshal Islands, Mexico, Moldova, Singapore, South Africa, South Korea Percentage reduction of intensity (national emission per GDP) in 2020 from 2005 • China, India Detailed list of projects • Congo, Ethiopia, Jordan, Macedonia, Madagascar, Morocco, Sierra Leone

12. What is needed? • NAMAs should be based on well developed national and /or sectoral strategies. • Initiate process of planning for and preparing for NAMAs and put in place necessary institutional arrangements to support such an endeavour • Need to ensure stakeholder consultation in the process and preparation of NAMAs.

13. Conclusions • NAMAs should be based on well developed national and/or sector strategies – Strategic, long-term, transformational measures – Allows for comprehensive, packages of actions – Can also address difficult CDM sectors (e.g. transport, buildings) – Can consists of several components – Can lead to carbon credits or not • Learn from existing experience in development finance • NAMAs could also take place outside of UNFCCC (e.g. bilateral and multilateral donors) • NAMAs can be implemented through the use of domestic resources and funding through the Green Climate Fund, complemented by the use of the market mechanisms, in a balanced manner. • PoAs under the Clean Development Mechanism regarded as predecessor of a future NAMA mechanism

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