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Social Exclusion and Smoking among British Families. Alan Marsh Policy Studies Institute. Poverty and ‘markers for disadvantage’. leaving school early, adding no further qualifications or skills; being a tenant, especially a social tenant, income-tested benefits in and out of work;
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Social Exclusion and Smoking among British Families Alan Marsh Policy Studies Institute
Poverty and ‘markers for disadvantage’ • leaving school early, adding no further qualifications or skills; • being a tenant, especially a social tenant, • income-tested benefits in and out of work; • being unemployed, often for long or repeated spells; • doing low-aid manual work, or, more often nowadays, the most routine service jobs; • being single, • Being a lone parent, • being ill - not necessarily disabled - being often ill is enough.
Recent trends in social exclusion • Large increases in inequality in income and wealth • Large increase in lone parenthood (7-26%) • Tripling of child poverty (5/10% - to - 30/35%) though lately abated to 20/25% • Slower intergenerational social mobility • Greater residential segmentation
Family status and smoking • Percent who smoke
Housing tenure and smoking • Percent who smoke
Education and smoking • Percent who smoke
Employment status and smoking • Percent who smoke
Smoking and hardship • Percent in severe hardship
Changes in hardship and changes in smoking Percent of 1999 low-income smokers who were not smoking in 2003..........
Holding starting positions constant, what factors independently influenced low-income mothers to quit or continue smoking after 5 years? • Positive predictors: • Better educated • Male lone parent • Being a female lone parent and choosing a non-smoker as her new partner.... • Negative predictors: • Lone parent, especially if injured by last partner • Starting and/or remaining in severe hardship • Becoming a new lone parent • Having a new baby