Thinking about Social Exclusion

1. Thinking about Social Exclusion What is social exclusion? What it isn�t What it is Who is �socially excluded�? How does it relate to transport?

2. Thinking about poverty (1) Absolute poverty: Early 20th Century reports by Booth, Rowntree: the �deserving poor� Periods of right wing government Subsistence � calories, fuel, etc. Income based

3. Thinking about poverty (2) �There is always a fixed level of basic needs and an income which is insufficient to proved these needs defines the poverty line� (Foley, 1999)

4. Thinking about poverty (3) Relative poverty Standard of living relative to others in the society and time in which they live Car ownership example Looks beyond subsistence to quality of life Multiple deprivations arising from low income Retains focus upon income but removes fixed income level

5. Thinking about poverty (4) �Individuals, families and groups can be said to be in poverty when the lack the resources to obtain the types of diets, participate in the activities and have the living conditions and amenities which are customary, or at least widely encouraged or approved, in the societies to which they belong� (Townsend, 1979)

6. Poverty and social exclusion (1)