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Body Planes, Directions, & Cavities

Body Planes, Directions, & Cavities. Principles of Health Science. Body Cavities. Why do we have body cavities? Body Cavities are openings within the torso which contain organs.

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Body Planes, Directions, & Cavities

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  1. Body Planes, Directions, & Cavities Principles of Health Science

  2. Body Cavities Why do we have body cavities? Body Cavities are openings within the torso which contain organs. They protect delicate organs from accidental shocks and bumps, and permit the expansion and contraction of organs without disrupting the activities of other organs.

  3. Body Planes • Imaginary lines drawn through the body to separate the body into sections • Transverse • Sagittal • Frontal or coronal

  4. Transverse plane • Horizontal plane that divides the body into a top & bottom half

  5. Sagittal plane • Divides the body into left and right sides • Midsagittal divides the body into equal left and right sides

  6. Frontal (or coronal) plane • Divides the body into a front and back section

  7. Directions • Superior vs inferior • Cranial vs caudal • Medial vs lateral • Anterior vs posterior • Dorsal vs ventral • Proximal vs distal

  8. Superior vs inferior • Superior: towards the top • Inferior: towards the bottom

  9. Cranial vs caudal • Cranial: towards the head • Caudal: towards the tail • More commonly used in animals • People: same as superior/inferior

  10. Medial vs lateral • Medial: close or towards the midline • Lateral: away from the midline

  11. Anterior vs posterior • Anterior: towards the front of the body • Posterior: towards the back of the body

  12. Dorsal vs ventral • Dorsal: towards the back • Ventral: towards the abdomen • Use more commonly in animals • People: same as anterior/posterior

  13. Proximal vs distal • Proximal: towards the trunk • Distal: away from the trunk

  14. Dorsal cavity Cranial cavity Spinal cavity Ventral cavity Thoracic cavity Abdominopelvic cavity Abdominal cavity Pelvic cavity Orbital cavity (eyes) Nasal cavity (nose) Buccal cavity (mouth) Body Cavities

  15. Dorsal cavity • Cranial cavity: contains the brain • Spinal cavity: contains the spinal cord

  16. Ventral cavity • Thoracic cavity: contains esophagus, heart, lungs, trachea • Abdominopelvic cavity • Abdominal cavity: stomach, small intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen • Pelvic cavity: urinary bladder, reproductive organ • Diaphragm: muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic

  17. The portion of ventral cavity superior to the diaphragm. • a. Pleural Cavities - the spaces surrounding each lung. • b. Mediastinum - a broad middle tissue mass of the thoracic cavity dividing the lungs into two cavities.

  18. It includes the aorta, other great blood vessels, esophagus, trachea, thymus, pericardial cavity, and heart. c. Pericardial Cavity - space in which the heart is located Thoracic Cavity

  19. Abdominal Cavity • Abdominal Cavity - The superior portion of the abdominopelvic cavity. It extends from the diaphragm to the superior margin of the pelvic girdle. • Contains the organs known as the viscera which include the stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small intestine, and most of the large intestine.

  20. Pelvic Cavity • Surrounded by the pelvic bones. • The pelvic cavity contains the urinary bladder, cecum, appendix, sigmoid colon, rectum, and the male or female internal reproductive organs

  21. Abdominal quadrants • Four quadrants with the umbilicus at the center • RUQLUQRLQLLQ

  22. Abdominal regions

  23. Image Citations • Slide 3: 8/27/06, http://academic.kellogg.cc.mi.us/herbrandsonc/bio201_McKinley/chapter1.htm • Slide 4: Sagittal plane, 8/27/06, http://www.tech.nite.go.jp/human/eng/contents/cindex/referencedevelop.html • Slide 5: Frontal plane, 8/27/06, http://www.tech.nite.go.jp/human/eng/contents/cindex/referencedevelop.html • Slide 7 & 9 &12: Directional terms, 8/27/06, http://www.lrn.org/Graphics/figure1.7.gif • Slide 8: Anatomical terms, planes, 8/27/06, http://trc.ucdavis.edu/mjguinan/apc100/modules/termscells&tissues/introduction/planes/planes.html

  24. Image Citations • Slide 11: photo of a dog illustrating dorsal, ventral, anterior and posterior, 8/27/06, http://anthro.palomar.edu/animal/glossary.htm#bilateral_symmetry • Slide 14: Body cavities, 8/31/06, http://www.templejc.edu/dept/biology/RHicks/biol2404Int/biol2404onl_LAB.htm • Slide 16, 17: Delmar Learning’s Medical Terminology Image Library, Second Edition, Version 1.0, 2003.

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