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Crusades

Crusades. Military Expeditions aimed at reclaiming the Holy Land from the Muslims. Nine Total. Eight plus a Children’s Crusade. Causes. Contributing Immediate. Contributing Factors. Feudalism Chivalry Religious Idealism Weakening of Byzantine Empire. Immediate Causes.

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Crusades

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  1. Crusades Military Expeditions aimed at reclaiming the Holy Land from the Muslims

  2. Nine Total Eight plus a Children’s Crusade

  3. Causes Contributing Immediate

  4. Contributing Factors Feudalism Chivalry Religious Idealism Weakening of Byzantine Empire

  5. Immediate Causes • Conquests by Seljuk Turks • Byzantine Emperor’s call for help • Pope’s ambition to reunite Christendom • Pope’s appeal to Christian knights • Knight’s religious zeal and earthly ambitions • Italian cities desire for commercial power

  6. Urban IIgbgm-umc.org/umw/bible/images/urban.jpg • Pope, upon learning of Byzantine Emperor’s distress calls Western Christians to arms

  7. First Crusade

  8. Facts of 1st Crusade • Begin 1096 through 1099 • Two parts: • People’s Crusade – almost all Christians killed • Knights army – capture Jerusalem on July 15, 1099 • Thousands of Muslims and Jews slaughtered in Jerusalem and on way to Jerusalem • The Turks will eventually reclaim Jerusalem

  9. Second Crusade 1147-1149

  10. 2nd Crusade Facts • 1147-1149 • Crusaders, led by King Louis VII of France and German king Conrad II, once again attempt to claim Jerusalem but failed

  11. Third Crusade 1189-1192 Also called the Kings’ Crusades

  12. Three Crusader Kings

  13. King Richard “the Lionhearted”www.carpenoctem.tv/img/lionhearted.jpg • English • Only king to finish crusade

  14. King Phillip IIhome.austarnet.com.au/dfgoonan/Phil2Aug.jpg • French • Had quarrel with Richard and went home to seize French lands from the English

  15. Frederick Barbarossaupload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/53/Barbarossa.jpg • Holy Roman Emperor • Falls from his horse and drowns

  16. Saladinmembers.at.infoseek.co.jp/isariya/saladin.jpg • Son of Nur ad_din • United Muslims of Egypt and Syria • Defeats Crusaders • Considered chivalrous by Richard • Richard and Saladin sign Three-year truce • Christians could enter Jerusalem freely

  17. Fourth Crusade 1202-1204

  18. Innocent IIIwww.flholocaustmuseum.org/history_wing/assets/room1/pope_innocent_iii.jpg • Led 4th Crusade • Crusaders will attack and loot Christian cities of Zadar and Constantinople

  19. Children’s Crusade 20,000 German set out for Jerusalem – Many died of hunger crossing Alps – Some went home – other were sold into slavery

  20. Other Crusades Mostly aimed at Islamic cities in Northern Africa and Egypt

  21. Effects of Crusades Immediate Long Term

  22. Immediate Effects Temporary land gains in Palestine Sack of Constantinople Temporary gain in papal prestige

  23. Long-Term Effects • Decline of papal prestige • Decline of feudal power • Increase in monarchs’ power • Increased religious intolerance • Expansion of trade by Italian cities

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