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The Origins of the Crusades: Holy Wars for Power and Control

Learn how the Crusades began with appeals from the Byzantine Emperor and Pope Urban II, aiming to reclaim the Holy Lands and unite Christendom. Discover the economic, political, and religious motives behind the Crusades and the impact on various kingdoms. Follow the Spanish Crusade's efforts to unify Spain under Christianity through the Inquisition. Uncover the role of merchants, knights, and younger sons in this historic series of conflicts.

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The Origins of the Crusades: Holy Wars for Power and Control

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  1. Crusades AKS 34e

  2. How the Crusades got started: • In 1093, the Byzantine Emperor __________________________ sent an appeal to Robert, Count of Flanders asking for help against the ________________________. They were threatening to conquer his capital, ______________________. Alexius Comnenus Muslim Turks Constantinople

  3. Alexius Comnenus Robert, Count of Flanders Pope Urban II

  4. How the Crusades got started: Urban II • Pope __________________ also read the letter. He issued a call for what he termed a “_______________”, a ________________, to gain control of the ______________________. Holy War Crusade Holy Lands

  5. How the Crusades got started: • The Crusades had economic, ________________, & political goals as well as _________________ motives. Social religious

  6. How the Crusades got started: • What area did the Muslims control? • Palestine {Holy Lands} • What city were they threatening? • Constantinople

  7. How the Crusades got started: • Who asked the Christians to come fight against the Muslims? • Byzantine Emperor Alexius Comnenus.

  8. How the Crusades got started: • What was the Pope’s goal? • Wanted to reclaim Palestine & reunite Christendom.

  9. How the Crusades got started: • Who saw the Crusades as an opportunity to get rid of quarrelsome knights who fought each other? • Kings & the Church. • These knights threatened the peace of the kingdoms, as well as Church property.

  10. How the Crusades got started: • Who participated in the Crusades? • Younger sons!!! They weren’t going to inherit anything from their fathers!!! • What were they looking for? • They were looking for land and a position in society & TREASURES!!!!

  11. How the Crusades got started: • How did some merchants profit off the Crusades? • They gave cash loans to finance the Crusaders journey. • Hoped to get big treasures in return!!!

  12. 1st Crusade

  13. 2nd Crusade

  14. 3rd Crusade

  15. Philip II of France Richard the Lion-Hearted Frederick I of Germany

  16. Saladin

  17. Death of Frederick I

  18. 4th Crusade

  19. 5th - 8th Crusades

  20. Children's Crusade

  21. Spanish Crusade • Who controlled Spain until the 1100’s? • Muslims {AKA Moors}.

  22. Spanish Crusade • What is the Reconquista? • The long effort by the Spanish to drive the Muslims out of Spain.

  23. How the Crusades got started: • By the 1400s, the Muslims held only the tiny kingdom of ________________. In 1492, it finally fell to the Christian army of _______________ & _____________, the Spanish monarchs. Granada Ferdinand Isabella

  24. Spanish Crusade • What did Isabella & Ferdinand use to unify Spain under Christianity & to increase their power? • The Inquisition.

  25. Explain the Inquisition: • A court held by the church to suppress heresy. • Heretics were people whose religious beliefs were different from Christianity. • Many Jews & Muslims in Spain converted to Christianity during the late 1400s. • If you were suspected of being a heretic then you were questioned for weeks and even tortured. • If found guilty you were burned at the stake.

  26. Inquisition: • Why did many Spanish people of other faiths convert to Christianity? • 1492: Monarchs expelled all practicing Jews & Muslims from Spain.

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