THE COLD WAR

1. THE COLD WAR 1945-1963 Truman-Eisenhower-Kennedy

2. 1949 : Communist China

3. Chinese Civil War • Communist movement developed in China during 1920s • Civil war erupted before & after WWII • Nationalists led by Chiang Kai Shek = Jiang Jieshi • Communists led by Mao Zedong

4. The China Problem • After WWII , US tried to contain communism from spreading in China • continued to support Chiang Kai Shek w/ $ & weapons even when clear his cause lost • Jiang lost the support and confidence of the Chinese people • Truman not willing to intervene militarily (avoid another World War) • Chose Japan as pro-western force in Asia • US helped rapid economic growth in Japan

5. Who led the communist revolution in China in 1949 and came to power after a Civil War between communists and nationalists ?

6. Who was the leader of the US backed nationalist China who was forced to flee to the island of Taiwan after the Communists took over mainland China ?

7. 1949 : Communist China est. • Mao Zedong leader of the communists came to power in China • after a Civil War between communists and nationalists • Chiang Kai Shek non-communist leader ousted • Nationalist China exiled to Taiwan

8. Why was the Soviet Union angry over representation of China in the UN after 1949 ?

9. Soviet Union boycotts UN in protest of… • COMMUNIST CHINA WAS NOT RECOGNIZED as legitimate government in UN • NATIONALIST CHINA (EXILED ON THE ISLAND OF TAIWAN) WAS GIVEN RECOGNITION in the UN

10. THE KOREAN WAR

11. POST WWII OCCUPATION OF KOREA • BEFORE WWII : Japan conquered Korea • AFTER WWII: Korea occupied by US & USSR • Divided along 38th parallel • N.Korea becomes communist (Soviet backed leader = Kim Il Sung) • S.Korea becomes capitalist (US backed leader = Syngman Rhee)

12. What event caused the Korean War ?

13. 1950-1953: Korean War • CAUSE OF KOREAN WAR • 1950 : Communist N. Korean army invades S. Korea to unify the nation by force • The UN sends troops (mostly US troops) to defend South Korea from a Soviet-backed invasion by North Korea • Illustrated Truman’s commitment to containment • 3 year police action (undeclared war) • US/UN/S.Korean forces vs. Soviet equipped N.Korean forces and Communist Chinese forces

14. COMBAT IN KOREA : See-saw War • June 1950- N. Korean forces push DOWN to southern corner of S. Korea (Pusan) • Sept 1950 – MacArthur counterattacks at Inchon • US/UN forces push N.Korean forces UP into N. Korea & approach the Chinese border (Yalu River) • Fall 1950 –thousands of Chinese troops cross the border & push US/UN forces back DOWN to 38th parallel & recapture Seoul • April 1951 – US/UN forces retake Seoul and push back UP to the 38th ; stalemate occurs at 38th parallel

15. LIMITED WAR • PRESIDENT Truman wanted to avoid direct conflict with Communist China (thought it would lead to World War III) • GENERAL MacArthur • wanted an invasion of China • privately and publicly criticized Truman • Suggested use of nuclear weapons against China

16. WHY did President Truman fire General Douglas Mac Arthur in 1951 during the Korean War ?

17. 1951: General Mac Arthur Relieved of Command = Fired • Fired for speaking out against Truman’s policy of a limited war in Korea • Mac Arthur began to publicly indicate his dissatisfaction with Truman’s policy on Korea • Unpopular decision by Truman • Involved a challenge to the President’s constitutional right to control the military and direct foreign policy

18. The Korean War ends • stalemate leads to ceasefire agreement • 1953 – armistice signed • Divided Korea along the 38th parallel : the same place it had been divided before the war • A demilitarized zone (DMZ) was established between North Korea and South Korea that exists to this day; demilitarized zone still exists • Forgotten War • 54,000 Americans died