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Thought Jot. Imagine that you are a slave who has just been set free. Describe how you are feeling, what you will do next, where you will go, and any challenges you think you might face. Presidential Reconstruction. President Lincoln’s Plan. 10% Plan Oaths of Allegiance
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Thought Jot • Imaginethat you are a slave who has just been set free. Describe how you are feeling, what you will do next, where you will go, and any challenges you think you might face.
Presidential Reconstruction President Lincoln’s Plan • 10% Plan • Oaths of Allegiance • “Loyalty” Governments • 13th Amendment • Freedmen’s Bureau
13th Amendment • Ratified in December, 1865. • Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States or any place subject to their jurisdiction. • Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
Freedmen’s Bureau (1865) • Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands. • Many former northern abolitionists risked their lives to help southern freedmen. • Called “carpetbaggers” by white southern Democrats.
Freedmen’s Bureau (1865) • The Freedmen’s Bureau assisted newly freed slaves transition to freedom • It helped: • Provide jobs • Settle disputes between former slaves and masters • Labor Contracts • Protect Freedmen’s rights • Build schools and churches
President Andrew Johnson (replaces Lincoln) • Lincoln’s Vice-President • Northern Democrat (Lincoln was Republican) • Against Rich planters in the South • White Supremacist. • Agreed with Lincolnthat states had neverlegally left the Union.
Johnson’s 10%+ Plan • Take Loyalty Oath and receive pardon • Confederate civil and military officers and those with property over $20,000 must be personally pardoned by President Johnson • New constitutions for rebellious states • No Slavery, No Rebellion, No Confederate Debt • Named temporary governors to oversee elections for constitutional conventions.
Johnson’s 10%+ Plan • Effects: • Barred Confederate military and political leaders from future positions of power • Pardoned planter aristocrats, bringing them back into control in Southern states. • Republicans become furious that he pardoned planters and turn on the President.
Growing Northern Alarm! • Many Southern state constitutions fell short of minimum requirements. • Johnson granted 13,500 special pardons. • Revival of southern defiance. BLACK CODES
Black Codes • Purpose: • Guarantee stable labor supply now that blacks were emancipated. • Restore pre-emancipationrace relations. • Forced many blacks to become sharecroppers[tenant farmers].
How did sharecropping work? · Freedmen would farm land belonging to white owners, oftentimes their old masters. Plantation Land worked by sharecroppers. · Freedmen would pay rent for the land they farmed by giving the landowner a percentage of their crops. · In addition, freedmen would purchase seed, tools, and other supplies from the landowner. * As a result, freedmen were in constant debt to the landowners and were never able to earn a profit. If they tried to move, they could be arrested. Therefore, freedmen became tied down to the land, in a state similar to slavery.
Analyzing Primary Sources • Working in pairs or small groups, you will evaluate primary sources relating to the Freedmen’s Bureau. • Each group will have a different source to analyze. • You will use the Document Analysis Worksheet. • When you finish, you will share their resource with the class.
