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Medical Terminology

Medical Terminology. Unit 3 Oncology and the Central Nervous System. Prefix. Hyper- Above or more than normal Hypercritical Hypercholesterolemia Hypertoxicity Hyperflexion Hyperactivity Hyperlipidemia Hyperproteinuria. Prefix. Hypo- Below or less than normal Hypocalcemia

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Medical Terminology

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  1. Medical Terminology Unit 3 Oncology and the Central Nervous System

  2. Prefix • Hyper- • Above or more than normal • Hypercritical • Hypercholesterolemia • Hypertoxicity • Hyperflexion • Hyperactivity • Hyperlipidemia • Hyperproteinuria

  3. Prefix • Hypo- • Below or less than normal • Hypocalcemia • Hypodactylia • Hyposensitive • Hypothermia • Hypokalemia • Hypothyroidism • Hypodermic

  4. Hypertrophy Overdevelopment Hypertension High blood pressure Hyperemesis Excessive vomiting Hypotrophy (atrophy) Progressive degeneration Hypotension Low blood pressure More Examples

  5. Aden/o • “glands” • Adenitis • Adenectomy • Adenoma • Adenopathy • Lymphadenopathy

  6. Skin Lesions • Lesion = One of many possible types of abnormal tissue conditions • Ulcer = Open sores on the skin or mucous membranes • Tumor = Abnormal growth in numbers and/or types of cells. May be benign or malignant (cancerous)

  7. Benign -oma Malignant Carcinoma/-carcinoma From epithelial-type tissue Sarcoma/-sarcoma From connective-type tissue Carcin/o = “crab” = Cancer CA or Ca Benign vs. Malignant

  8. Adenoma Papilloma fibroadenoma Adenocarcinoma Melanoma (Malignant Melanoma) Exception to pattern Squamous Cell Carcinoma Basal Cell Carcinoma Benign vs. Malignant

  9. Skin Cancers Melanoma Basal Cell Carcinoma

  10. Osteoma Chondroma Leiomyoma Lipoma Hemangioma Neuroma Atheroma Osteosarcoma Chondrosarcoma Leiomyosarcoma Liposarcoma Angiosarcoma Neurosarcoma Lymphosarcoma Benign vs. Malignant

  11. Lipoma

  12. Exceptions • Sound like benign but are malignant: • Melanoma (Malignant melanoma) • Myeloma (Multiple Myeloma) • Lymphoma • Leukemia

  13. Metastasis • Metastasis Singular Noun • Metastases Plural Noun • Metastatic Adjective • Metastasize(d) Verb • Meta- = beyond -stasis = in one place • Spreading beyond the original place Met, Metas, Mets

  14. Plural Formation • -oma omata • Lipoma  Lipomata • Sarcoma  Sarcomata • Atheroma  Atheromata • Adenoma  Adenomata • Melanoma  Melanomata

  15. Onc/o = Tumor • From Greek word oncos = mass • Oncology • Oncologist

  16. -oid • Means like or resembling • Lipoid • mucoid

  17. Ather/o • Means fatty or porridgelike • Atheroma = tumorlike thickening and degeneration of blood vessel walls caused by fatty deposits

  18. Atherosclerosis = hardening of vessel walls due to fatty deposits • Be careful: • Ather/o = fatty, porridgelike • Arteri/o = arteries • Arthr/o = joint

  19. Hist/o • Means tissue • Histolysis = destruction of tissue • Histogenous = made of tissue • Histology = the study of tissue • Histologist = one who studies tissues

  20. An Embryonic tissue A tissue cell Resembling tissue Histoblast Histocyte Histoid Hist/o

  21. Neo- • Greek neos mean new • Neogenesis = generation of new substance • Neonatal = refers to the newborn • Neoplasm = new formation, tumor or growth • Plasm/o = formation • A nonmalignant tumor is called a benign neoplasm • Carcinoma or sarcoma are malignant neoplasm

  22. Anti- is a Prefix meaning against • -plast/ic is an adjective suffix for abnormal growth • Antineoplastic is a therapeutic agent that works against cancerous neoplasms • -genesis refers to development. • Antitumorigenesis = the process of inhibiting development of a tumor

  23. Mucosa & Serosa • Muc/us = secretion of the mucous membrane • Noun: Muc/us adjective: Muc/ous • Mucosa = mucous membrane • Lining of the open body cavities, like digestive system • Ser/ous • Serosa = serous membrane • Lining of the closed body cavities. Covers the outside of organs such as the intestines

  24. Cephal = Head • Headache (pain in head) • Noun • Cephal/algia (-algia = pain) • Cephalgia • Cephal/o/dynia (Odyne, -odynia = pain) • Adjective • Cephal/o/dynic • Cephalic • Adjective: Pertaining to the head

  25. Encephal = Brain • Encephal/itis: inflammation of the brain • Encephal/o/cele: Herniation of brain tissue through cranial fissure • Kele or –cele = abnormal protrusion or swelling • Brain herniation is sometimes a finding in hydrocephaly • Encephal/o/malac/ia: softening of brain tissue • Encephal/o/tomy: incision into the brain • Electr/o/encephal/o/gram (EEG): picture of the electrical activity of the brain

  26. Brain

  27. Crani/o = Skull • Cranium = skull • Cranioplasty: Surgical repair of skull • -plasty = surgical repair • Craniomalacia: softening of the bones of the skull • Craniectomy: excision of part of the cranium • Craniotomy: incision into skull • Craniometer: instrument used to measure the cranium • Cranial (Adjective)

  28. Cerebr = Cerebrum • Cerebrum is a part of the brain • Thought occurs • Feeling is interpreted • Motor impulses arise • “gray matter” • Cerebral (adjective)

  29. Cerebr = Cerebrum • Cerebr/itis • Cerebr/oma • Cerebr/otomy • Cerebr/o/vascul/ar • Cerebr/o/spin/al

  30. Mening/o = Meninges • Meninges are 3-layered membrane that covers the brain and spinal cord. • Pia mater, arachnoid, dura mater • Mening/o/cele: herniation of meninges • Mening/o/malac/ia: softening of the meninges • Mening/itis: inflammation of the meninges • Caused by bacteria or virus

  31. Meninges

  32. Abbreviation • AIDS Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome • ASCP American Society of Clinical Pathology • BX Biopsy • BCC Basal cell carcinoma • BP Blood pressure • Ca, CA Calcium, Cancer • CIS Carcinoma in situ • CLA Certified laboratory assistant • CP Cerebral palsy • CSF Cerebralspinal fluid • CV Cardiovascular

  33. Abbreviation • CVA Cerebrovascular accident (stroke) • EEG Electroencephalogram • END Electroneurodiagnostic • ENG Electronystaygraphy • EP Evoked Potential • HA Headache • HCVD Hypertensive Cardiovascular disease • MBD Minimal brain dysfunction • Met., metas., mets. Metastasis • MLT Medical laboratory technician

  34. Abbreviation • mmHG millimeters of mercury (pressure) • MT Medical technologist • NCS Nerves Conduction Studies • PSG Polysomnography • TIA Transient ischemic attack

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