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Neutrino Physics & Astrophysics : Overview

Neutrino Physics & Astrophysics : Overview. Particle Physics & Cosmology Neutrino Physics: WHY Neutrino Physics: HOW Anomalous Results/New Physics Future Projects. Henry T. Wong / 王子敬 Academia Sinica / 中央研究院 @ Beijing / 北京 April 02. Standard Model of Particle Physics.

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Neutrino Physics & Astrophysics : Overview

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  1. Neutrino Physics & Astrophysics : Overview • Particle Physics & Cosmology • Neutrino Physics: WHY • Neutrino Physics: HOW • Anomalous Results/New Physics • Future Projects Henry T. Wong / 王子敬 Academia Sinica / 中央研究院 @ Beijing / 北京 April 02

  2. Standard Model of Particle Physics • What are the fundamental building blocks of Matter ?? • How do they interact among themselves ??

  3. Matter & Interactions The “Standard Model” of Particle Physics

  4. Building Blocks of Matter Nuclei & Atoms Everything

  5. Particle Physics & Cosmology …. are related ……..

  6. Accelerator Experiments

  7. Neutrino Physics Road-Map Grand Unified Theories (GUT) L(n-mass)0 Structures & Compositions of Universe mn’s;Uij’s 0 • n-Oscil. • mn’s • n-decays • 0nbb • b-spect.dist. • anomal. int. • ………. Particle Physics Cosmology Nuclear Physics Astrophysics n’s as Probe

  8. Neutrino Physicist :

  9. Neutrino Quotes ……. • “Today I did something which one should never do in theoretical physics: I explained something which is not understood with the help of something which cannot be observed …….” Wolfgang Pauli 1930 • “The neutrino is the SMALLEST bit of material reality ever concived of by man.” Reines & Cowen 1956 • “The neutrino is a piece of nothing that spins.” Unknown Author • “Neutrino physics is largely an art of learning a great deal by observing nothing.” Haim Harari 1988

  10. Neutrino History • 1914: continuous b-spectra (Chadwick) • 1930: postulation of neutrinos (Pauli) • 1934: theory of b-decay (Fermi) calculation of s(np) (Bethe,Peierls) • 1956: observartion reactor ne(Reines,Cowan) • 1957: measurement of n helicity (Goldhaber) • 1962: discovery of accelerator nm(BNL) • 1968: observation of solar neutrinos (Davis) • 1974: discovery of weak neutral currents (CERN) • 1987: observation of supernova SN1987a n’s (IMB,Kamiokande) • 1989: three families of light neutrinos (CERN) • 1998: evidence of atmospheric neutrino oscillation (Super-Kamiokande, …) • 2000: observation of nt(Fermilab) • 2001: evidence solar neutrino oscillation (SNO+SK+GALLEX ……)

  11. Neutrino Sources Observed window • n‘s everywhere: 300 per c.c. • from sun, supernovae, cosmic rays, reactors, accelerators, astrophysical sources, & relic Big Bang …

  12. Solar Neutrinos Atmospheric Neutrinos

  13. Cross Sections Strong Electro-magnetic • Challenges of Neutrino Experiments : “How to Beat the Small Cross-Section?” i.e.By building Massive Detectors  while keeping cost/background Low ! Weak l(H2O)  250 light years !

  14. Super-Kamionkande ※ Water Cerenkov detector: 5k tons, viewed by 11,000+=50 cm PMTs in 1000 m underground site in central Japan ※ Physics: solar n, atmospheric n long baseline accelerator n, proton decays ..

  15. Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO) ※ Heavy Water Cerenkov detector: 1k ton, shielded by 7k ton of water viewed by 9456 PMTs located 2000 m underground in Canada. ※ Physics: Solar n …

  16. KEK-SuperK (K2K) Accelerator n Flight path 250 km

  17. KamLAND ※ Long Baseline Reactor n Oscillation  1 kton liquid scintillator in Japan

  18. Three Families of Neutrino Mixing The Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata (MNS) matrix : atmospheric solar Possible CP Violation in n Sector:

  19. Dm2 –  : Summary

  20. Fermilab: NuMI to MINOS CERN: CNGS to Gran Sasso Both with 750 km baseline …..

  21. IceCube – km3n Telescope ※ To detect high energy n’s South Pole AMANDA IceCube

  22. Neutrino Factory with Muon Storage Ring • ne & nm + anti-n’s, control & selectable • intense source • known spectra • precision measurements of Dm2 and ij • search of CP violation • need O(1000 km) baseline • BIG projects !!!

  23. Summary & Outlook • Neutrinos are strange objects • Strong evidenceS of massive neutrinos and finite mixing Physics Beyond the Standard Model ! • More experiments & projects coming up EVEN MORE EXCITEMENT ! TEXONO is also a part of it

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