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The Impact of the Enlightenment

The Impact of the Enlightenment. Ch 10-3. Enlightened Absolutism. Rulers tried to govern by Enlightenment principles Maintained royal powers Prussia, Austria, Russia. Prussia: Army and Bureaucracy. Frederick William I Gov’t w/civil service workers Obedience, honor, service to the king

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The Impact of the Enlightenment

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  1. The Impact of the Enlightenment Ch 10-3

  2. Enlightened Absolutism • Rulers tried to govern by Enlightenment principles • Maintained royal powers • Prussia, Austria, Russia

  3. Prussia: Army and Bureaucracy • Frederick William I • Gov’t w/civil service workers • Obedience, honor, service to the king • Army • Doubled army’s size by 1740 • 4th largest in Europe • Nobility were officers

  4. Frederick the Great • Frederick II • Educated in the Enlightenment • Strict watch over bureaucracy • Enlightened reforms • Abolished torture except for murder or treason • Limited freedom of speech and press • Greater religious toleration

  5. The Austrian Empire • Maria Theresa inherits empire in 1740 • Centralized gov’t • Worked to improve lives of the serfs

  6. Joseph II • Abolished serfdom • Eliminated death penalty • Established equality before the law • Religious tolerance • Alienated nobility • Successors undid most reforms

  7. War of Austrian Succession • 1740 – Maria Theresa succeeds Charles VI • No male heir • Frederick II of Prussia takes Austrian land • Showed he did not recognize legitimacy of Austrian empress

  8. France joins Prussia • GB joins Austria • War fought in Europe, North America, Asia • Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle ends war in 1748 • All occupied land given back, except Silesia in Austria

  9. The Seven Years war • Britain, Prussia vs. France, Austria, Russia • War in Europe • Frederick the Great led army against enemies • Successful for a time • Under attack from three sides and worn down

  10. Stalemate when Peter III withdrew troops • Led to desire for peace • War ended in 1763 • All lands returned • Austria recognizes Prussian claim to Silesia

  11. French and Indian war • French occupied Canada and Louisiana • Native Americans fought on side of French • British occupied 13 colonies

  12. French successful at beginning • GB focuses more in this war than war in Europe • William Pitt the Elder, PM of GB • Focus on navy – successful against French • Treaty of Paris 1763 • GB gains Canada and land east of Mississippi • Spain gives control of Florida to GB

  13. Influence of the Enlightenment • Colonial leaders use Enlightenment ideas to justify independence • King had refused to grant same rights as people in Britain • Colonists had right to rebel against a tyrant • Broke the social contract

  14. Declaration of Independence • July 4, 1776 – written by Thomas Jefferson • Issued by 2nd Continental Congress • Based on ideas of Locke and the Enlightenment • Argument for natural rights • Right to rebel against an unjust ruler • Included list of abuses by King George III • Ended by declaring colonists’ separation from England

  15. We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. — That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, — That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness.

  16. Americans Create a Republic • Need for national government recognized by all states • Ratify Articles of Confederation in 1781 • Created a republic – citizens rule through elected representatives

  17. A New Constitution • Feb 1787 – Congress approves convention to revise A of C • Congressmen familiar with works of Locke, Montesquieu, Rousseau • Use their ideas to answer questions • Who should be represented in Congress? • How many representatives should each state have? • Who should be in charge? • How powerful should the government be?

  18. The Federal System • Delegates distrust powerful central government controlled by few • Establish three branch system with checks and balances • Executive • Legislative • Judicial • Establishes federal system • Divides power between national and state gov’t

  19. The Bill of Rights • Bill of Rights • 10 amendments to the constitution • Protect free speech, press, assembly, and religion

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