The Impact of the Enlightenment

1. The Impact of the Enlightenment Chapter 10, Section 3

2. The Arts • Architecture and Art • Royal courts and cathedrals • New artistic style rococo • Emphasized grace and charm • Music • Bach, Handel, Haydn, and Mozart • Literature • Development of the first European novel

3. Enlightened Absolutism • Enlightened Absolutism • Rulers tried to govern by Enlightenment principles while maintaining their power • What were those principles? • Equality under the law • Freedom of worship • Freedom of speech • Freedom of press • Rights to assemble, hold property, and pursue happiness • Do you think all leaders follow these principles?

4. Russia • Peter the Great had Europeanized Russia • 6 weak successors followed him until another great leader emerged • Catherine the Great was the German wife of Peter III • Peter III was killed by a group of nobles • Following Peter III’s death, Catherine took control of Russia • Invited Denis Diderot to live in Russia and help include Enlightenment principles • Chose not to abide by these principles in fear that she may upset the nobles

5. Prussia • Frederick William the Great Elector had established Prussia as a European power • 40,000 man army, 4th largest in Europe • Frederick II (Frederick the Great) • Invited Voltaire to live in his palace • Abolished torture in most cases, granted some freedom of speech and press • Still kept the serfdom and social structure of old

6. Austria • Austria was large, but composed of many different peoples • Difficult to rule • Maria Theresa • Didn’t do much to include Enlightenment principles • Did make life easier for peasants • Joseph Theresa • Abolished serfdom and the death penalty • Established equality under the law and enacted religious toleration • Too much change for the people meant no success • Joseph was a failure, his successors undid almost all he had changed

7. War of the Austrian Succession • When Maria Theresa took control of Austria, Frederick II of Prussia decided to attack • Thought of female leadership as weak • Invaded the territory of Silesia • Both nations quickly rushed for allies • Austria – Great Britain • Prussia – France • War was fought in Europe, Asia, and North America • Seven years of fighting (1740-1748) waged until the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle was signed • Returned all territories except Silesia • Would soon influence another war in Europe

8. The Seven Years’ War • What forced the war: • Competition over colonial claims (France and Great Britain) • Silesia never being returned • New alliances being formed • France, Austria, and Russia • England and Prussia • What created the new alliances: • France and Great Britain were competing over colonial land • Austria and Prussia were upset over Silesia situation • Russia saw Prussia as a threat to Russian goals in Europe

9. The War in Europe • All major powers involved were fighting in Europe • France, Austria, and Russia vs Great Britain and Prussia • 1756-1763 • France, Austria, and Russia are winning until Peter III pulls Russian troops from Prussia • Forces a stalemate and the eventual end to fighting in Europe • Treaty of Paris of 1763 ends the war

10. The War in India • Fought between the British and the French over colonial control • British win French possessions in India • Treaty of Paris of 1763 forces France to leave their possessions under British control

11. The War in America • Another clash between the British and the French for colonial control • Also known as the French and Indian War • French and Native Americans vs British and colonies • French had more troops, British had more naval resources • Able to cut off French from supply and trade ships coming to Americas • Treaty of Paris of 1763 gave Canada and French land east of the Mississippi to England