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The Impact of the Enlightenment

The Impact of the Enlightenment. The Arts Architecture and Art Balthasar Neuman - Church of 14 Saints, The Residence (Palace of Prince-Bishop of Wurzburg) Baroque and neoclassical dominated, but Rococo spread in 1730’s

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The Impact of the Enlightenment

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  1. The Impact of the Enlightenment

  2. The Arts • Architecture and Art • Balthasar Neuman- Church of 14 Saints, The Residence (Palace of Prince-Bishop of Wurzburg) • Baroque and neoclassical dominated, but Rococo spread in 1730’s • Rococo stressed grace, charm and gentle action. The lightness and charm spoke of the pursuit of pleasure, happiness and love

  3. Music • Baroque • a. Johann Sebastian Bach- organist as well as composer from Germany • b. George Frederick Handel- German but lived in England best known for Messiah

  4. Classical • Franz Joseph Haydn- Preformed for Hungarian Princes best known for The Creation and The Seasons • Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart- Child prodigy wrote the Marriage of Figaro, The Magic Flute and Don Giovanni

  5. Literature • Novels became popular and often times reflected on different parts of English society • Enlightenment and Enlightened Absolutism • Enlightened Absolutism- rulers tried to govern by enlightenment ideas while maintaining their royal power

  6. Prussia: • Fredrick William II • Doubled the size of the Army although one of the smaller countries in Europe had the 4th largest over France, Russia and Austria • Became one of the best armies in Europe • Nobles enlisted serfs and became officers believed in duty obedience and sacrifice

  7. Fredrick II or Fredrick the Great • Enlightenment Monarch invited Voltaire to live in court • Abolished use of torture except in treason and murder • Gave limitedfreedom of speech and press complete religious toleration • Kept ridged serfdom and social structure

  8. Austrian Empire • Maria Theresa • She was an Empress, worked to centralize the Austrian Empire but was not open to enlightenment ideas

  9. Joseph II • Abolished serfdom, eliminated the death penalty, equality of the law, religious toleration • His programs failed, alienated Nobles, the Catholic church, serfs were unhappy because they could not understand the drastic changes that were brought upon • His gravestone reads “Here lies Joseph II who was unfortunate in everything that he undertook”

  10. Russia under Catherine the Great • Catherine the Great • Invited Denis Didrot to Russia asked to be spoken to “Man to Man” • Considered the idea of a new law code that would recognize the principle of the equality of all people in the eyes of the law, but did nothing • Favoring Russian nobility led to worse conditions for peasants • Led by an illiterate Cossack Emelyan Pugachev spread across in the southern Russia by collapsed • Rural reform was halted, serfdom was expanded • Russia moved Southward to the Black Sea and took over half of Poland

  11. Enlightened Absolutism?

  12. War of the Austrian Succession • 1740 Charles VI died was succeeded by Maria Theresa, Fredrick II of Prussia invaded Silesia • France entered the war against Austria and Austria made an alliance with England.

  13. The War of the Austrian Succession (1740-1748) • Prussia seized Silesia; France occupied Austrian Netherlands • France took Madras in India from British • British captured French fortress of Louisburg at the entrance of St. Lawrence River. • Treaty of Aix-La-Chapelle in 1748 returned all occupied territories except Silesia to original owners

  14. Seven Years War • Maria Teresa rebuilt the army while worked to separate Prussia from France • New Allies • Rivalry between France and Britain over colonial empires • France abandoned Prussia and allied with Austria • Russia saw Prussia as a major threat joined with Austria and France • Britain allied with Prussia

  15. The War in Europe • Britain and Prussia vs. Austria, France, and Russia • Fredrick the Great from Prussia was able for a while to defeat Austria, France and Russian armies • Peter III new Czar withdrew troops from the conflict and from Prussian lands that Russians occupied. • Created a stalemate and led to need for peace • Ended in 1763 all territories were returned to their original owners and Austria official recognized Prussia in permanent control of Silesia

  16. The War in India • French returned Madras to Britain after the War of the Austrian Succession • British won out but only because they were more persistent • Treaty of Paris 1763 French withdrew and left India

  17. The War in North America • French colonies were set up as trading post • British colonies were set up as towns and had more people living there • Fought over the Gulf of St. Lawrence River and the Ohio river valley • France got the Indians on their side because they were seen as less of a threat • France scored a number of victories in the beginning but William Pitt said that in order to create a British Empire France would have to be destroyed so they focused their attention on North America • Britain Navy won out • Treaty of Paris transferred parts of Canada, Great Lakes, and the Ohio Valley to Britain • Florida and Louisiana to Britain even though controlled by Spain • 1763 Great Britain became the World’s greatest colonial power

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