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The Cold War. Would you rather? 1. Live in a society where you have the opportunity to compete to acquire wealth and even become part of the richest 1%, but the basic needs of everyone are not met? or
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Would you rather? 1.Live in a society where you have the opportunity to compete to acquire wealth and even become part of the richest 1%, but the basic needs of everyone are not met? or 1.Live in a society where the basic needs of all are met, but there is no opportunity to acquire more wealth than anyone else?
How did tensions between the Soviet Union & the United States influence and shape global events?
Features of the Conflict • The unfolding Cold War also gave rise to an unprecedented level of suspicion, mistrust, paranoia and secrecy. • The American and Soviet intelligence agencies, the CIA and KGB, increased their covert activities around the world, gathering information about enemy states and regimes. • They also sponsored, supported and supplied underground movements, uprisings and conflicts, encouraging so-called ‘proxy wars’
How did tensions between the Soviet Union & the United States influence and shape global events?
Defining The Cold War1945 -1991 • Competitive ideological struggle between the superpowers: the United States and the Soviet Union Continental Giants • Called a cold war because no direct armed conflict occurred between the two • Fought their baSles through various countries across the globe in Asia, the Americas, & Africa
Definition and Interpretations CW term used prior to 1947 • 14th century Spanish writer Don Juan Manuel , who distinguished between hot and cold wars when describing the conflict between Christendom and Islam • 19th century 1893, Eduard Bernstein, a German Marxist leader of the socialist SPD , described arms race between Germany and its neighbours , Britain, France and Russia . • 20th century In 1945 , American journalist, Walter Lippmann, described the relations between the US and the USSR after 1945
Adolf Hitler: Testament . April 1945 • “With the defeat of the Reich, there will remain in the world only two great powers capable of confronting each other: the United States and Soviet Russia. The laws of both history and geography will compel these two powers to a trial of strength , either military or in the field of economics and ideology. • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WZhgXs_iFRs&list=PLHiAMOiVIvsD2u8g0RLwvdRScEe9yiUr5 • Hitler min 8-11
Whatis a Superpower? • A country with superior technological, economic, and military strength • Ability to dictate & control international events to suit its own interests • Used in 1944 to describe the US and SU
Ms. Smith’s War of Words • Ideological chasm and dissent , from Allies into Nemeses, giant powers • Period of hostility, tension, mistrust, espionage, arms race, brinkmanship of Nuclear Holocaust, containment of red plague, witch hunt, hot points of the cold potion, tug of war, hot war on ice and on the stage, proxies , intelligence agencies, propaganda , fear …
Causes of the ColdWar 1.Competing Ideologies Soviet Union – Communist One Party State US – Capitalist Democracy **Both wanted to spread their beliefs and influence around the world and feared the other.
The SovietUnion(USSR) 1917-1991 • Communism (Marxism) • Goal: classless society, no need for money & the state would “wither away” • SU Reality: government control of the economy (banks, businesses, land) on behalf of the people • “From each according to their ability; to each according to their need.” • Everyone working for the collecPve good • Influenced by ideas of Marx and Engels (1848 Communist Manifesto) • One Party State • Only Communist Party allowed to exist – “dictatorship of the proletariat” • Rights “unnecessary” - limited free speech, anP religion, state controlled media and banned protest and dissent • Democra0c Centralism – leaders knew what was best for the people
JUXTOPOSITION OF ECONOMICS AND POLITICS • The Americans wanted free trade between states to endorse economic growth and ship products to the consumers . • The policy was referred to as an “open door policy”. • From a Russian Point of view , this was only a new form imperialism. • By creating economic dependence through the open door policy, the political life will be controlled later . • The American demand for “ equal rights” was a DEMAND FOR ECONOMIC CONQUEST.
2. The RussianRevolutions 1917 February 1917 – Tsar Nicholas II overthrown by the people Afteryears of exploitation oppression Began withwomenprotesting in the streets of St. Petersburg over food and fuel shortages due to Russia’s participation in WWI Thousandsjoined, includingsoldiers and police – Tsar forced to resign Provisionalgovernment set up – electionplanned, but neverhappened
Propaganda • The Cold War fuelled some of the most virulent propaganda campaigns in human history. • In the West, people were schooled to think the worst of those on the other side of the Iron Curtain; civilians were warned of the possibility of spies, and surprise nuclear strikes; school children learned about air-raid drills, bomb shelters and nuclear fallout.
Paranoïa • It was government agencies that conducted this symphony of nuclear paranoia – but they had willing accomplices among writers, film makers and television studios. • The post-war generation, which should have been one of the most prosperous and content of modern times, grew up thinking that the nuclear clock was ticking and that its own destruction may be imminent.
Origins of the Cold War • The cold war began with mistrust between the Soviet Union (red) and the western democracies (blue).
1. Western Opposition to Bolsheviks • In 1919, Russia’s former World War I allies (Britain, France and the United States) joined the "Whites" to fight off the Bolsheviks following the revolution.
2. The Result: USSR Suspicious of West • This intervention failed and the Red Army of the Bolsheviks secured the power of the new Soviet state. The young USSR government never quite trusted the western democracies after that.
3. Disregard for Soviet Diplomatic Goals • The western democracies did not invite the Soviet Union to participate in the World War I peace talks or the League of Nations.
4. West Did Not Aid in Spanish Civil War • The west did not aid the Republicans fighting the fascists in the Spanish Civil War.
5. USSR Not Invited to Munich Conference • The west did not invite the Soviets to the Munich Conference which decided the fate of Czechoslovakia in the years leading up to World War II, even though the Soviet Union had a security pact with Czechoslovakia.
Western Distrust of the Soviets • The west, for its part, never trusted the Soviet Union.
A DEMOCRACY
B EQUALITY
C CAPITALISM
D INDIVIDUALISM
E COLLECTIVISM
F SOCIALISM
G TOTALITARIANISM
H FREEDOM
2. Soviet Annexation of Eastern Poland • The Soviets negotiated an agreement with Hitler and annexed eastern Poland.
As a result, Eastern European nations turned communist & became Soviet satellites: nations that were influenced by the USSR In the years after World War II, the USA began to view Stalin as a new Hitler—a dangerous dictator who wanted to take over the world
3. Soviet Designs on Eastern Europe • By the end of the war Britain and the United States distrusted the Soviet motives in eastern Europe.
Katyn Massacre ( Nazi /USSR/ Poland) Invasion https://www.rferl.org/a/katyn-massacre/29166089.html
3. Second Front Delay Afer joining the Allies in 1942, Stalinpushed US & Britain to open a 2nd front against the Nazis Did not occur untilJune 1944 - Stalinsuspicious Allies wanted Nazis to kill as many Soviets as possible Catastrophiclosses – Stalingrad 99% of city destroyed, 2 million deaths in 200 days SU total wardeathtoll over 22 million
Western Delay in Opening 2nd Front • Stalin believed that the western allies were dragging their feet in opening up the "second front" in Europe, so necessary to take the pressure off the struggling Soviet forces in the east.
