White Paper on Defence and Defence Review “Defence Update 2005”

1. White Paper on Defence and Defence Review “Defence Update 2005” PCD: 16 February 2005

2. DOD Delegation • Chief of Policy and Planning • Mr T.E. Motumi • Mr N.C. Sendall (Project Coordinator) • Mr A. Visser (Chp 7) • Mr P. Rakate (Chp 2) • Mr S. Naidoo (Chp 1 & 3) • Chief of Corporate Staff • Maj Gen V.I. Ramlakan • Col W. Wagner (Chp 4 & 5) • Chief Financial Officer • Mr J.L. Gründling (Chp 6)

3. Scope • Overview of Process – CPP • Report 1 • Chapters 1 –3: CPP • Chapter 4 (Role, Functions, Objectives & Missions): CCS • Report 2 • Chapter 5 (Required Defence Capabilities) CCS • Chapter 6 (Required Defence Resources) CFO • Chapter 7 (Defence Governance) CPP

4. Introduction

5. Required Results RESULT #1 Renewal & Modernisation DWP DR WP&DR Update MISMATCHRESULT #2 (RISKS) Alignment MTEF MTEF 1996 1998 2005 2009 2014 RESULT #3 Consolidated Defence Vision

7. Defence Update 2005 Architecture • Ministerial Foreword • Introduction • Chapter 1: The Changed Strategic Environment • Chapter 2: Collective Security • Chapter 3: South Africa’s Approach to National Security • Chapter 4: Defence Role, Functions, Objectives, & Missions • Chapter 5: Required Defence Capabilities • Chapter 6: Required Defence Resources • Chapter 7: Defence Governance • Conclusion

8. Pert of Report 1 & Report 2 (Report 1: DOD Process) (Report 1: MOD Process) (Report 2: DOD Process) (Report 2: MOD Process) (Cabinet) (Parliament) Nov 04 Dec 04 Jan 05 Feb 05 Mar 05 Apr 05(Date TBD)(Date TBD) (DSC) (MOD) (DSC) (MOD)

9. Overview of Report 1

10. CHAPTER ONE A Changed Strategic Environment

11. Since the writing of the 1996 White Paper on Defence, the strategic or security environment has changed. The aim of this chapter is to highlight a range of non-traditional security threats, new actors, and non-conventional methods of insecurity and instability. • Accordingly, this chapter is structured having the following categories. • The Global Context: Addresses changes in the international security environment that has implications for world peace and stability such as Unilateral Acts of Force. • The Continental Context: This is a new section that reflects institutional changes on the African continent that pertains to the pursuit for continental peace, stability and development. • The Regional Context: Discusses regional defence and security co-operation, and the required institutions such as SADC, the OPDSC, and the Mutual Defence Pact. • The Domestic Context: Reviews changes and events that have impacted on the national security of SA.

12. The inter-relatedness and transnational nature of many contemporary security threats dictates that solutions are beyond the control of any single state. A resolution to many of the present days security threats require collaborative action among states within multilateral fora and collective security mechanisms at the international, continental and regional levels.

13. CHAPTER TWOCollective Security

14. The changed strategic environment compels a collective response to non-traditional security threats, new actors, and non-conventional methods of destabilisation and destruction. • Our security as a country is inextricably linked to the region and the continent. Therefore, there is a need to strengthen regional and continental structures – SADC and AU • Located within a broadened conceptualization of security, this chapter examines South Africa’s foreign policy of pursuing multilateral approaches to peace and security, at the international, continental and regional levels. • Accordingly, the chapter addresses South Africa’s approach to collective security, international security developments, continental and regional security mechanisms and arrangements and the management of collective security threats.

15. The 1996 WP on Defence does not replace ‘state security’ with the adoption of a human security approach. The two are inextricably linked. This approach is supported by the UN Report on Human Security(2003). • The broadening of security to include human security suggests a need to forge a new approach to collective security. • Security is no longer only be viewed in national terms. Most of the non-military threats that face South Africa have regional, continental and international implications. • Global threats posed poverty, mercenarism, terrorism, arms proliferation etc are interconnected and transnational in nature and cut across departmental responsibilities. • These threats must also be addressed through multilateral structures at regional, continental and global levels.

16. This chapter is structured to have the following sections: • Approach to collective security • International, continental and regional security mechanisms and arrangements • Management of collective security threats

17. CHAPTER THREE South Africa’s Approach to National Security

18. This chapter attempts to explain South Africa’s National Security Policy (NSP) that integrates traditional ‘state security’ with ‘human security’ concerns within the context of a collective security approach. • The chapter is structured to firstly unpack the constitutional principles, national interests and governmental priorities as the foundations of SA’s NSP. The chapter thereafter examines some of the challenges for defence-related priorities, and finally this chapter provides the implications that SA’s NSP has for the DOD. • In a democratic South Africa “national security is an all-encompassing condition in which all citizens live in freedom, peace and safety; participate fully in the process of democratic governance; enjoy the protection of fundamental rights; have access to resources and the basic necessities of life; and inhabit an environment which is not detrimental to their health and well-being.”

19. Accordingly, South Africa’s national security is no longer viewed as a predominantly military and police problem. It has been broadened to incorporate political, economic, social, and environmental matters. • National security policy and priorities thus imply that government will require the DOD/SANDF to participate in and contribute to the combating of a range of non-military threats to security. These may include crime, terrorism and the effects of natural disasters. • South Africa’s national security policy and cluster priorities also reflect a strong commitment to regional and continental peace, stability and development. This manifests in government’s commitment to the UN, NEPAD, the AU and SADC and their structures and mechanisms.

20. Government’s commitment to international peace and security and its manifestations at regional and continental levels consequently imply a long term DOD/SANDF involvement in collective defence and security including participation in security structures, peace missions, standby arrangements and other defence co-operation. These include the PSC, ASF, Continental and Regional Early Warning, and the SADC Brigade. • South Africa’s national security policy and priorities thus have clear implications for the role, functions, objectives, missions and capabilities of the SANDF.

21. CHAPTER FOUR Role, Functions, Objectives & Missions

22. The involvement of South Africa in institutions such as the AU and the continued priority placed on functions that were deemed to be of a collateral nature, in particular participation in peace missions, necessitated a review of the role and functions of the SANDF. • Simply put there has been a need to revisit the distinction between primary and secondary roles to verify their validity within this emerging security environment. • This chapter articulates the role and functions of the SANDF within this context and specifically addresses the issues of a conventional capability, the review of primary and secondary functions, and is concluded with a discussion on objectives and missions. 

23. Overview of Report 2

24. CHAPTER FIVE Required Defence Capabilities

25. Purpose To provide the Statement of Required Defence Capabilities needed to execute the Missions in the next decade.* *DOD Planning Instr 17/04 dd 06 Dec 04

26. PROCESS FORM CJ Ops & Serv/Div Force Design Force Structure Mission-based Option “Design to Cost” Option CHAPTER 5 REQUIRED DEFENCE CAPABILITIES Serv/Div Serv/Div CDSP CFO CDSP

27. PROGRESS Force Design Force Structure Mission-based Option “Design to Cost” Option CHAPTER 5 REQUIRED DEFENCE CAPABILITIES To be completed 09 Feb 05 To start 09 Feb 05 To be written 14 Mar 05

28. CHAPTER SIX Required Defence Resources

29. Terms of Reference: Parys Resolutions 1. Update White Paper 2. Update Review 3. Defence Vision 4. Streamline Structures 5. Affordable Design and Structure 6. Stakeholder Communication 7. Performance Management System Initiated In process

30. Approach to Chapter 6 * Missions, Force Design & Structure. # Relative % GE and GDP.

31. Chapter 5 & 6 – Mutual Adjustment Chapter 1: Strategic Environment Chapter 2: Collective Security Chapter 3: SA National Security Chapter 4: Role, Functions, Objectives & Missions Chapter 5: Defence Capabilities Chapter 6: Defence Resources Chapter 7: Defence Governance Expectation/ Intent Force Design Standard Affordability / Sustainability Resource Requirement

32. Chapter 6: Challenges 1. Parys Resolutions 4 and 5 addressed late/slow progress. 2. Dependent on mutually adjusted input (Force Design and Structure) from planners. 3. Defence White Paper/Review 1996 did not adequately address the financial implications of the envisaged Force Design and Structure. 4. Force Design and Structure 07/02 was not finalised by the JSCD and thus there was no conclusion on additional funds. 5. Deadline 1 April 2005 – Department to Ministry. 6. Determine appropriate level of detail (Programme/Sub-Programme; Resource categories).

33. Chapter 6: Structure - Introduction/Scope - Defence Facilities (Land and Buildings) - Defence Materiel (Category 1 Equipment) - Defence Materiel (Category 2 Equipment) - Defence Materiel (Stores/Inventories) - Defence Services (Professional/Specialist) - Defence Personnel - Defence Information - Defence Funding - Conclusion

34. Progress Plan Report 1: DOD Process Report 1: MOD Process Report 2: DOD Process Report 2: MOD Process Cabinet Parliament 11/ 0412/ 041/ 052/053/ 054/ 05Date TBDDate TBD DSCMOD DSCMOD

35. CHAPTER SEVEN Defence Governance

36. Purpose To ensure that proper civil oversight and control is exercised over defence

37. Basis for Defence Governance and Accountability Regulatory Framework • The Constitution and Public Administration • Defence Governance Civil Control • Other Legislation and Regulations

38. Parliament Legislative Function Cabinet Executive Structure Parliamentary Committees FOSAD DGs Clusters Joint Standing Committee on Defence Portfolio Committee on Defence Cabinet Committee Social Section International Relations & Trade Justice Peace & Crime Prevention International Relations & Trade Minister of Defence Social Affairs Justice, Peace & Crime Prevention Economic sector COD Governance and Administration Governance And Administration Joint Cabinet Committee Economic affairs Investment And Employment National Structures and Mechanisms

39. The Cabinet Committee System • Parliamentary Committees • Joint Standing Committee on Defence (JSCD) • Portfolio Committee on Defence (PCD) • Joint Standing Committee on Intelligence (CDI) • Standing Committee on Public Accounts (SCOPA) and the Auditor General • National Treasury • Other External Controls • Audit Committee

40. DOD Structures and Processes • Ministry of Defence • The Minister and the Intelligence Function • Defence Secretariat • SA National Defence Force

41. DOD Command and Management Bodies • Council on Defence • Minister, Deputy Minister, Sec Def, CSANDF • Defence Staff Council • 3 Modes: Plenary, Daily, Special • Subordinate Command and Management Structures • Defence Secretariat Board (Sec Def) • Military Council (CSANDF) • Staff Councils (Log, Ops, HR etc)

42. DOD Processes and Controls • Alignment and Synchronisation of Processes • Strategic Business Plan • Performance Management • Internal Audit Management • Reporting Requirements

43. Progress • Numerous drafts up to No 10. • Distributed for comments. • Comments of Services/Divisions included. • Wait for changes in chapter 5 & 6 – made adjustments if necessary.