Animal Kingdom

1. Animal Kingdom

2. Animals are either Invertebrates (no bones) or Vertebrates (have bones)

3. Kingdom: Animalia What do animals have in common? They are multicellular They are eukaryotes They have no cell walls and…………………..

4. They are heterotrophs!

5. We informally divide the animal kingdom into 2 groups: Invertebrates and VertebratesThe animal kingdom is officially divided into 9 major groups called phyla.

6. Let’s take a look at the major Animal Phyla….starting with the simplest to the most complex. Which animal is the most complex? The Human

7. Porifera- sponges Cnidaria- jellyfish, etc Platyhelminthes- flatworms Nematoda- roundworms Annelida- segmented worms Mollusca- clams, snails etc. Arthropoda- jointed legged buggy things Echinodermata- spiny skinned ocean things Chordata- animals with bones 9 Animal Phyla(from simplest to most complex)

8. Phylum: Porifera(Sponges) • All are aquatic • Many cells that live together, few specialized cells • Sessile (Doesn’t move, usually attached to one surface) • They have many openings in their bodies called pores

9. Sponges set up water currents to get food and oxygen into their pores. and then to remove wastes. They reproduce sexually by exchanging sperm and egg by water currents filter feeders -animals that eat tiny organic particles from the water

11. Phylum: Cnidarian • Hollow body with stinging tentacles- arm-like extensions with poison barbs. • Live in water (marine-mostly ocean)

12. Hydra (with a bud) All cnidarians have stingingtentacles with stinging cells called nematocycts

13. Sea Anemone

14. Jellyfish Jellyfish normally float with ocean currents, but can for short periods of time move by jet propulsion.

15. Coral, which have created coral reefs over thousands of years Coral are critically endangered because of human interference and global warming!

16. Cnidarian Body Plans Polyp- sessile stage in which the tentacles are arm-like Medusa- motile stage with a bell- shaped body

17. We informally divide the animal kingdom into 2 groups: Invertebrates and VertebratesThe animal kingdom is officially divided into 9 major groups called phyla.

18. phylum: Platyhelminthes(Flatworms) • They have soft, flattened bodies • Most are parasitic, but a few are free-living Parasite- lives in or on another organism and hurts it

19. An example of a parasitic flatworm is a tapeworm These worms attach to someone’s intestines and absorb their digested food

20. Flukes are parasitic worms that can infect an animal’s blood or any of its internal organs.

21. A planaria is free-living and is found in streams, eating other animals. Planaria can reproduce asexually by a process called fission.

22. phylum: Nematoda • Roundworms • unsegmented with 2 body openings: a mouth and an anus • Many are free-living but some are parasites

24. Hookworm

25. Guinea worm- drinking contaminated water

26. This roundworm causes elephantiasis

27. Heartworm killed this dog

28. phylum: Annelida • These are the segmented worms • Annelida means “little ring” • They have complex body parts, like blood vessels, nerves, excretory organs and respiratory organs. • Most are hermaphrodites which means that they have both male and female reproductive organs in the same worm.

29. Some are free-living like the earthworm Earthworm’s mating

30. Some are parasitic like the leech Notice the “rings” or segments

31. We informally divide the animal kingdom into 2 groups: Invertebrates and VertebratesThe animal kingdom is officially divided into 9 major groups called phyla.

32. phylum: Mollusca • Soft body, some with shell. • Foot- muscle used for movement and feeding. • Mantle- tissue that secretes shell or covers body organs. • Most live in water. • 3 Groups...

33. Bivalves- use muscular foot to dig and pull through sandSome “swim” They have 2 shells Examples: clams, oysters, mussels, scallops

34. Scallops Mussels Video

35. Gastropod- one or no shell, most live in the water, but some live on land. They breathe through their skin snail slug

36. Cephalopod-“head foot”, most intelligent of the invertebrates, complex eyes, deadly predators Octopus

37. More cephalopods- the squid

38. phylum: Echinodermata • Spiny skinned • Tube feet- suction cups that allow them to move by attaching to surfaces • Aquatic • Radial symmetry

39. Brittle Star Sea Cucumber Starfish regeneration Sea Urchin

40. phylum: Arthropod • Largest animal phylum • jointed legs and segmented bodies • tough exoskeleton that doesn’t grow • many different appendages (structures attached to the main body) • 5 main groups

41. Crustaceans • 2 body segments, 10 legs, gills, aquatic

42. They are the crayfish, lobster, crab, shrimp and this newly discovered furry crustacean.

43. Insects- 3 body segments, 6 legs most numerous group of animals on earth.

44. Grasshopper Stag Beetle Honeybee Mosquito

45. Arachnids- 2 body segments and 8 legs, with fangs, many are poisonous Scorpions spiders Ticks

46. All spiders have spinnerets which produce silk.

47. Chilopods- many segments with 2 legs per segment, carnivorous Centipedes

48. Diplopods- many segments with 4 legs per segment, herbivores millipede

49. Kingdom Animal: • The remaining animals we will study all belong to the same phylum: Chordata. Most of the animals in this group are called “Vertebrates” because they have an internal skeleton and backbone called a vertebra.

50. Nonvertebrate Chordates- There are two small groups of animals that do not have backbones. However they do have the other characteristics of chordates. They are body soft-bodied marine animals Lancelet Although they seem like simple animals, fossil evidence indicates that they are distant relatives of ours! Tunicate