Changes in medieval society

1. Changes in medieval society The Middle Ages in Europe, Part VI

2. Which kingdoms fought each other in the Hundred Years’ War? • Spain and France • Germany and England • Holy Roman Empire and Italy • England and France

3. Goal & Rubric 4. Research the changes in Europe’s economy in the late Middle Ages. 3. Evaluate the changes in Europe’s economy in the late Middle Ages. 2. Summarize the changes in Europe’s economy in the late Middle Ages. 1. Pick out the changes in Europe’s economy in the late Middle Ages from a list.

4. A Growing Food Supply Farmers started using horses instead of oxen to plow fields. A new type of harness made this possible. Horses were 3 times faster. The three-field system started. Farmers would use 2/3 of their field at a time, 1/3 would rest for a year. More food was produced. MORE FOOD → MORE PEOPLE

5. The Guilds Guild a group of people with the same job that work to improve the economic and social conditions of its members All types of specialty jobs had guilds: Merchants, Blacksmiths, Bakers, Doctors, Cloth-makers, Carpenters. • Guilds set standards of quality of work, wages, and working conditions. • Guilds worked to keep prices up. • Guilds became powerful and influenced the governments.

6. Which of these are reasons why food supply grew? • New types of crops and oxen were used. • More serfs and less people. • A bug that killed the crops was eliminated. • Horses were used and farmers used more of their fields at a time.

7. What was NOT a function of the guilds? • To ensure quality of work • To keep prices high • To push for higher taxes • To influence government

8. The Commercial revolution • Trade happened in towns, usually during a religious festival. • Merchants at different stalls would trade or sell things to peasants and others. • Cloth, bacon, salt, cheese, leather, knives, etc. • NO LONGER WAS EVERYTHING PRODUCED ON THE MANOR • Items from all over the world came to Europe. • European merchants brought items back from Constantinople and Muslim lands and the rest of Asia. This was a growth in trade, finance, and business in Europe.

9. The Commercial revolution • As merchants moved from town to town, they needed a way to keep track of money. • Different types of money used in different places. • Letters of credit given by banks would keep track of a person’s business expenses. • The Church did not allow charging interest on loans. • This made banking difficult. Later, they allowed it. • This allowed BANKING and business to grow. • BIG CHANGE: People started to get other jobs besides farming on a manor. They moved to towns. • Towns became cities!

10. What was one important outcome of the Commercial Revolution? • Manors did not have to be self-sufficient anymore • Knights could sell their products • The nobles would make more money off the peasants • Fewer workers were needed

11. Goal & Rubric 4. Research the changes in Europe’s economy in the late Middle Ages. 3. Evaluate the changes in Europe’s economy in the late Middle Ages. 2. Summarize the changes in Europe’s economy in the late Middle Ages. 1. Pick out the changes in Europe’s economy in the late Middle Ages from a list.

12. Cities growing • The population of cities grew dramatically! • Trade and business made towns grow very quickly. • Cities were very unclean. • Serfs could run away to cities (stay for 1 year=free) • The merchants of the towns demanded more freedom • At first, towns were run by nobles. • Merchants would group together and demand freedom to run towns themselves. • Merchants who ran the town = Burghers • BIG CHANGE: Merchants were in charge of towns, not nobles.

13. What was significant about Burghers running towns? • The nobles had become Burghers • The merchants were not noble, so them having power was new. • They kept the streets clean. • They did not let merchants sell things.

14. IDEAS growing • A new revival of learning happened in Europe: Why? • Many ancient Greek and other texts were found in Muslim libraries and translated to Latin. • The Crusades brought back ideas and technologies that the Muslims were using. • Universities began in Europe • At first, universities were just scholars meeting. • Universities grew. Theology was a main focus. • Authors started using the vernacular (everyday language) instead of Latin. • BIG CHANGE: Using the vernacular allowed many people to enjoy literature that couldn’t before.

15. The Growth ofChurch philosophy • Translations of Greek Philosophy • Thomas Aquinas • Catholic Scholar • Studied Aristotle • Wanted to use logic to understand God and the Bible • Wrote the Summa Theologicae • Aquinas and his scholar friends • Known as the Scholastics • Met at universities to discuss issue of religion, law, and government • They influenced people in Europe towards democracy.

16. What was one thing that DID NOT lead to growing in learning in the Middle Ages? • The Crusades • Translations of ancient Greek texts • The Inquisition • The use of vernacular language by authors

17. Which Greek philosopher did Aquinas use the ideas of most? • Pliny • Plato • Socrates • Aristotle

18. Goal & Rubric 4. Research the changes in Europe’s economy in the late Middle Ages. 3. Evaluate the changes in Europe’s economy in the late Middle Ages. 2. Summarize the changes in Europe’s economy in the late Middle Ages. 1. Pick out the changes in Europe’s economy in the late Middle Ages from a list.