Changes in Medieval Society

1. Changes in Medieval Society • Chapter 14 Section 2

2. You have a quiz in 8 minutes (2:08) • If you are not studying…I will give the quiz NOW! • Some reminders!!! • Saladin was the Muslim warrior who won Jerusalem during the Crusades • Henry IV was the Holy Roman EMPEROR who was Excommunicated over the lay investiture issue. • Charlemagne was the Frankish ruler who united the Franks and created a huge empire • Germanic invasions of the Roman Empire caused change in language, downfall of cities, disruption of trade, and decline in learning • Feudalism in the Middle Ages was caused by invasions of the Vikings and other barbarian people. • The Roman Catholic Church provided unification and stability during the Middle Ages • The goal of the MANOR was to be self sufficient • Gothic architecture was introduced in the middle ages. • Fief is a piece of land. • Manorialism was the economic system of the Middle Ages. • Crusades resulted in trade between Europe and the Middle East • The Crusades DID NOT achieve their goal BUT they did bring good changes to Europe.

3. Warm-ups 1. What was the three-field crop rotation system? 2. In Europe, a long-term effect of the Crusades was a. the strengthening of the feudal system b. the adoption of Islamic religious practices c. an increased demand for goods from the East d. increased European isolation 3. The Roman Catholic Church during the Middle Ages in Europe can best be described as a church that a. favored separation from secular governments b. avoided involvement in social and educational matters c. was a strong force that divided many people d. was a stabilizing influence during a period of weak central governments

4. Think Outside the Cathedral • Agriculture, trade and finance made significant advances • Towns and cities grew • Contacts with the Muslim and Byzantine world spiked an interest in learning

5. Agriculturally Speaking • Expanding civilizations required an increased food supply • Warmer climate brought improved food production- they began to farm land in regions that were once too cold to grow crops. • Switch to Horsepower (switch from Oxen to Horses which could plow three times as much land in a day as an ox) • Villagers had more to eat. People live longer. Population Grows.

6. Commercial Revolution • The Commercial revolution: the expansion of trade and businessin the late middle ages • Increased availability of goods and increase in trade equals rise in towns! • Guilds- an organization of individuals in the same business or occupation • working to improve the economic and social conditions of its members. • (Banking – merchants need large amounts of money to take with them and needed ways to exchange different types of currencies

7. Trade and towns grow together • People move from the villages to the towns and cities • Increase in Trade = increase in towns • Streets were narrow, filled with animals and waste (no sewers), most people never bathed • With more people moving into the cities, the feudal system lost it’s power • No longer was everything produced on a self-sufficient manor.

8. University System • Not what we think of today • Originally made up of men, not buildings • It traditionally referred to a group of scholars meeting wherever they could • Most students goal was a job in government or the Church • Vernacular-everyday language of your homeland • Allowed the every day/average person to read books and become educated

9. Sum it up! • How did guilds change the way business was conducted and products made? • Why were changes in financial services needed? • How did the Crusades contribute to the expansion of trade and learning? • Name three ways society changed in the late middle ages?

10. Warm Up! • Why did trade increase in the late middle ages? • What is a guild? And how did it change the ways businesses were run? • Why was there a need for banking? • People originally lived in the cities, than they moved to the countries (and practiced what?), now they are moving where? • What is Vernacular? How did it impact society?

11. The Conqueror • William duke of Normandy, invaded England in 1066 to claim his crown. • William the Conqueror • Brought Norman-French culture to England • Brought changes in the English language, shifts in the upper levels of society, and the church.

12. Government • the rulings of England’s royal judges formed a unified body of law that became known as common law. • Government no longer ruled by the Church (canon law) • Magna Carta- Great Charter signed by King John of England • Guaranteed certain basic political rights to the people and limited the king’s power • Parliament- legislative group that makes laws in England • It provided a check on royal power.

13. Warm-ups 1. What was the three-field crop rotation system? 2. In Europe, a long-term effect of the Crusades was a. the strengthening of the feudal system b. the adoption of Islamic religious practices c. an increased demand for goods from the East d. increased European isolation 3. The Roman Catholic Church during the Middle Ages in Europe can best be described as a church that a. favored separation from secular governments b. avoided involvement in social and educational matters c. was a strong force that divided many people d. was a stabilizing influence during a period of weak central governments

14. The Plague is Bubonic, B-u-b-o-n-i-c World History Chapter 14 sect 4

15. Intro to Plague • Work in your Nystrom Atlas • Video discovery.edu • Questions to think about while watching • Where did the plague start? • How was it spread? • What city was most greatly impacted?

16. Where did the Black Death come from?

17. The plague arrives Historians think that the plague arrived in England during the summer of 1348. During the following autumn it spread quickly through the Southwest. Few villages escaped. Churchyards were full of dead bodies. The plague spread through Europe as a result of contact with traders from Northern Asia The plague spread quickly during the winter of 1348-1349 to the north of England. By 1350, nearly all of Britain was infected with the plague. At the end of 1350 nearly two and a half million people were dead! (approximately 1/3 of the population)

19. Plague Facts • Symptoms: • Acral Necrosis- The striking black discoloration of skin and tissue, primarily on the extremities (hence why it’s called the ‘Black’ death). Acralnecrosis occurs when blood supply is disrupted for prolonged periods, blackening and damaging the affected area and surrounding tissue. • Extreme pain, which is usually caused by the decay or decomposer of the skin while the person is still alive • Without treatment, the bubonic plague kills about two out of three infected humans within 4 days

20. So this is what it looks like…

21. Medieval cure number 1 The swellings should be softened with figs and cooked onions. The onions should be mixed with yeast and butter. Then open the swellings with a knife.

22. Medieval cure number 2 Take a live frog and put its belly on the plague sore. The frog will swell up and burst. Keep doing this with further frogs until they stop bursting. Some people say that a dried toad will do the job better.

23. Mythical reasons for the Plague • At this time people did not understand germs and how they are spread. • Some believed the Jews had poisoned the wells • Some believed God was punishing them for living a sinful life • Doctors at the University of Paris claimed that the plague was caused by the unfavorable alignment of certain planets. • Others believed it was caused by “poisonous vapors”, released by disastrous earthquakes in Asia that had drifted over to Europe.

24. Effects of the Plague in Europe • Obviously populations fell • Peasants will riot to demand higher wages, they will win because owners realize there is a shortage of workers. • Jews were blamed for bringing on the plague. All over Europe, Jews were driven from their homes or, worse, massacred. • The church suffered a loss of prestige when its prayers failed to stop the onslaught of the bubonic plague and priests abandoned their duties.

25. Effects on people culturally • More depictions of death and skeletons in art • Writers wrote gruesome tales about it “ This scourage had implanted so great a terror in the hearts of men and women. The brothers abandoned brothers, uncles their nephews, sisters their brothers and in many cases wives deserted their husbands. But even worse…fathers and mothers refused to nurse and assist their own children”! - Giovanni Boccaccio

26. Death by sore or Death by war

27. Now for your enjoyment • Youtube video Black plague- History teachers!

28. Hundred Years’ War1337-1453 Causes Dispute over French territory claimed by English King Joan of Arc- French teenage peasant girl who felt moved by God to rescue France from English Conquerors. Longbow and cannon weakened feudalism (longbow can penetrate armor) Effects Feeling of nationalism emerges (King thought of as national leader, fighting for glory of the country) Power and prestige of the French Monarch increases Marks the end of the Middle ages