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Changes in Medieval Society

Changes in Medieval Society. 1000-1300: ag., trade, & finance made advances towns & cities grew birth of the university. I. Commercial Revolution. Trade almost died out after 400s Manors were self-sufficient Comm. Rev. = expansion of trade & business. A. Trade Routes.

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Changes in Medieval Society

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  1. Changes in Medieval Society

  2. 1000-1300: • ag., trade, & finance made advances • towns & cities grew • birth of the university

  3. I. Commercial Revolution • Trade almost died out after 400s • Manors were self-sufficient • Comm. Rev. = expansion of trade & business

  4. A. Trade Routes • Italy = trade center of Euro. • Geographic location • “Go-betweens” (Venice, Genoa, & Pisa) • Crusades helped Italian city-states trade

  5. Trade revived in N. Euro. • Before 1000: Viking traders traveled to Const. • 1100s: Flanders (Belgium, Fr., & Netherlands) • Trade route meeting point • Became textile H.Q. of Euro. (Ghent & Bruges)

  6. Flanders

  7. Hamburg, Lubeck, & Bremen (Germany) • Important commercial cities on N. & Baltic Seas • Formed the Hanseatic League (eventually 100) • 1300s & 1400s = powerful commercial influence • Trading posts in Flanders, Scandinavia, England, & Russia

  8. B. Articles of Trade • Luxury or “exotic” goods (E. & S.W. Asia) • From Asia: • Spices, medicines, perfumes, dyes, gems, silk, cotton, linens, textiles, rugs, grain, fruit • From Europe: • Fur, timber, fish, grain, wine, oil, leather, weapons, glass, wool

  9. C. Markets & Fairs • Merchants needed places to sell goods • Fairs: rulers charged sales tax • Offered protection (armed guards) • Champagne (N.E. Fr.) – laid along major route • Held best-known fairs • Many kinds of currencies existed (money changers) • Entertainment

  10. D. Manufacturing, Banking, & Investment • 1. Manufacturing: • Grew out of trade • Domestic system (cottage industry) • Woolen industry

  11. 2. Banking: • “bank” (“banca”) • Lending money • Rulers, nobles, & merchants had to borrow $ • 3. Capital: • Wealth earned, saved, & invested to produce profits *MARKET ECONOMY ! PRIVATE OWNERSHIP!

  12. II. The Growth of Towns • 1000-1150: pop. Rose from 30 mill. to 42 mill. • Towns grew & flourished • Euro. towns (Paris) were tiny compared to Const.

  13. A. Trade & Towns Grow • Towns grew at important locations for trade

  14. 1. Life in Towns • Narrow streets filled w/human & animal waste---no sewers • Most never bathed • Houses lacked fresh air, light, clean water • Built of wood (fire hazard) • Many people moved to towns (opps.)

  15. B. The Rights of Townspeople • Manorial system faded as towns grew • Manufacturing & trade rose • Townies wanted control of govt. • Lords granted “charters of liberties” • Had 4 Basic Rights: • 1. Freedom (serfs) • “Town air makes you free”—serfdom declined • 2. Exempt Status • 3. Town Justice • 4. Commercial Privileges

  16. C. The Guilds • Merchants united (danger in travel) • Convoys • Merchant Guild: • Gained a monopoly • Acted as charitable orgs. • Craft Guild: • Skilled artisans (manufacturing) • Set standards of quality

  17. Dominated by men • Preliminary stages of training: • Apprentice • Parents paid tuition • Lived at home of Master craftsman • Lasted 5-9 yrs. • Journeyman • Skilled artisan who worked for $$$$ • Became a Master by submitting a “masterpiece” • Master • Had own shop

  18. D. Rise of the Middle Class • New class emerged • Were known as: • Burgesses (England) • Bourgeoisie (Fr.) • Burghers (Germany) • From “burg” or “borough” = “town” • Wanted stable & uniform govts.

  19. III. Revival of Learning • Contact w/Muslims & Byz. (Crusades) • Had libraries (Greek philosophy) • Most scholarship disappeared (fall of Rome)

  20. A. Muslim Connection • 1100s: Christians scholars visited Muslim libraries (Spain) • Jewish scholars translated Arabic into Latin • Science, philosophy, law, & mathematics • Crusaders brought back technology

  21. B. The University • Center of learning = monasteries • Schools opened in towns • Teachers charged tuition • Formed guilds (“universitas” = “assoc. of people”) • “university” = people organized w/purpose of teaching & learning

  22. Early outstanding Universities: • Paris & Oxford (Eng.) = theology & liberal arts (Latin, arithematic, geometry, astronomy, & music) • Bologna (Italy) = civil & canon law • Salerno (Italy) medicine • Est. standard courses of study • Bachelor of arts (apprenticeship) • Master of arts (became teacher)

  23. IV. The Black Death • 1347: plague swept thru Euro. • Originated in Asia • Spread via trade • Types: (caused by fleas on rats) • 1. bubonic: infected lymph nodes, swelling, high fever • 2. pneumonic: infected lungs, very contagious • Wiped out 1/3 of Euro. pop.

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