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The Activity Series

The Activity Series. Activity Series Information. The ability of an element to react is referred to as the element’s activity . For metal, greater activity means greater ease of loss of electrons, to form cations.

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The Activity Series

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  1. The Activity Series

  2. Activity Series Information • The ability of an element to react is referred to as the element’s activity. • For metal, greater activity means greater ease of loss of electrons, to form cations. • For nonmetals, greater activity means greater ease of gain of electrons, to form anions. • The most-active element is placed at the top in the series and can replace any element below it. • Activity series are used to help predict whether certain chemical reactions will occur. • Activity series are based on experimentation.

  3. No, Ni is below Na Yes, Li is above Zn Yes, Al is above Cu Yes, Fe is above Cu Experiments reveal trends. The activity series ranks the relative reactivity of metals. It allows us to predict if certain chemicals will undergo single displacement reactions when mixed: metals near the top are most reactive and will displace metals near the bottom. Q: Which of these will react? Fe + CuSO4  Ni + NaCl  Li + ZnCO3  Al + CuCl2  Cu + Fe2(SO4)3 NR (no reaction) Zn + Li2CO3 Cu + AlCl3

  4. cold H2O hot H2O H is the only nonmetal listed. H2 may be displaced from acids or can be given off when a metal reacts with H2O (producing H2 + metal hydroxide). The reaction with H2O depends on metal reactivity & water temp. Q: will Mg react with H2O? steam A: No for cold, yes if it is hot/steam Mg + H2O  H2 + Mg(OH)2 acid Q: Zn + HCl  H2 + ZnCl2 Complete these reactions: Al + H2O(steam)  Cu + H2O  Ca + H2SO4  Na + H2O  H2 + Al(OH)3 NR H2 + CaSO4 H2 + NaOH

  5.   Mg + AgNO3  Ag+ Mg(NO3)2 Cu + AgNO3  Ag+ Cu(NO3)2 Zn + AgNO3  Ag+ Zn(NO3)2 AgNO3   Mg + H2SO4  H2 + MgSO4 Zn + H2SO4  H2 + ZnSO4 H2SO4 NR   Mg+ Fe(NO3)3  Fe+ Mg(NO3)2 Zn+ Fe(NO3)3  Fe+ Zn(NO3)2 Fe(NO3)3 NR   Mg + CuCl2  Cu + MgCl2 Zn + CuCl2  Cu + ZnCl2 CuCl2 NR

  6. The formation and behavior of oxides can also be predicted via the activity series. Complete these reactions: Ca + O2  Au + O2  Fe2O3+ H2 Oxides Oxides form via the addition of oxygen: K + O2  K2O Oxides plus H2 (with heat) will change to metal and H2O: NiO + H2  Ni + H2O heat CaO Oxides decompose with heat: HgO  Hg+O2 NR heat heat Fe + H2O

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