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The Activity Series. No, Ni is below Na. Yes, Li is above Zn. Yes, Al is above Cu. Yes, Fe is above Cu. look at the following reactions: Fe + CuSO 4 Cu + Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 Li + H 2 O LiOH + H 2 The activity series ranks the relative reactivity of metals.
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No, Ni is below Na Yes, Li is above Zn Yes, Al is above Cu Yes, Fe is above Cu look at the following reactions: Fe + CuSO4 Cu + Fe2(SO4)3 Li + H2O LiOH + H2 The activity series ranks the relative reactivity of metals. It allows us to predict if certain chemicals will undergo single displacement reactions when mixed: metals near the top are most reactive and will displace metals near the bottom. Q: Which of these will react? Fe + CuSO4 Ni + NaCl Li + ZnCO3 Al + CuCl2 Cu + Fe2(SO4)3 NR (no reaction) Zn + Li2CO3 Cu + AlCl3
cold H2O hot H2O H is found in reactivity series. H2 may be displaced from acids or can be given off when a metal reacts with H2O The reaction with H2O depends on metal reactivity & water temp. steam acid
Reaction of metals with water • Na ,K and Li react violently with cold water 2Na(s)+2H2O(l) H2(g) +2NaOH(aq) • Ca reacts gently with cold water • Ca (s)+ 2H2O(l) Ca(OH)2(aq) + H2(g)
Reaction of metals with water • Mg, Zn and Fe do not react with cold water but they can react with hot water or steam Mg + H2O MgO + H2
Reaction of metals with water • Metals below hydrogen in the reactivity series will not react with water examples include : Copper , Silver and Gold
Reaction of metals with dilute acids • Metals react with dilute acids forming salt and hydrogen • Metals on top of reactivity series are too active , it is Unsafe to add them to acids , they include Na, K, Li and Ca • Metals from Mg till Fe react vigorously with cold acid producing salt and hydrogen Mg + H2SO4 → Mg SO4 + H2
Reaction of metals with dilute acids • Aluminum is slow to react because it has a layer of aluminum oxide covering it but it reacts vigorously on warming • Zinc and iron react only with hot acids , the reaction is less vigorous than aluminum • Metals below hydrogen in the series will not react with acids
Mg + AgNO3 Ag+ Mg(NO3)2 Cu + AgNO3 Ag+ Cu(NO3)2 Zn + AgNO3 Ag+ Zn(NO3)2 AgNO3 Mg + H2SO4 H2 + MgSO4 Zn + H2SO4 H2 + ZnSO4 H2SO4 NR Mg+ Fe(NO3)3 Fe+ Mg(NO3)2 Zn+ Fe(NO3)3 Fe+ Zn(NO3)2 Fe(NO3)3 NR Mg + CuCl2 Cu + MgCl2 Zn + CuCl2 Cu + ZnCl2 CuCl2 NR