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Human Anatomy and Physiology Lab Genetic Inheritance

Human Anatomy and Physiology Lab Genetic Inheritance. Anatomical Terminology and Orientation Review. Always refer to anatomical position with directions!!. Planes. Removes the top of the head? Divides the toes from the body?. Body landmarks. Brachial. Pateller.

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Human Anatomy and Physiology Lab Genetic Inheritance

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  1. Human Anatomy and Physiology LabGenetic Inheritance

  2. Anatomical Terminology and Orientation Review Always refer to anatomical position with directions!!

  3. Planes • Removes the top of the head? • Divides the toes from the body?

  4. Body landmarks Brachial Pateller

  5. Human Anatomy and Physiology LabGenetic Inheritance

  6. DNA Inherited genetic material inside each cell Composed of nucleotides 3 parts to a nucleotide: 1. Nitrogenous base -A – T -G -- C 2. Pentose sugar 3. Phosphate group - “backbone”

  7. DNA in the Cell Located within the cell’s nucleus Remains loosely coiled in nondividing cells but forms into chromosome before dividing

  8. Passing on DNA • Cells divide to pass on genetic material • Somatic (body) cells undergo mitosis and cytokinesis • Replaces dead or injured cells • Adds new cells during growth • Germ cells (sperm or oocytes) undergo meiosis • Produces gametes

  9. The Cell Cycle Mitosis: Cell duplicates its contents and divides in two 3 Main Stages Interphase Mitosis Cytokinesis

  10. Interphase • DNA replicated • Cell does most of its growing • 3 Phases: G1 - replication of most organelles and cytosolic components S – DNA replication G2– enzymes and other proteins are synthesized in prep for division

  11. Mitotic Phase • Prophase • DNA shortens into chromosomes • Each centrosome moves to an opposite pole of cell • Nucleolus disappears, nuclear envelope dissolves • Spindle fibers and asters become visible

  12. Mitotic Phase • Metaphase • Centromeres of chromatid pairs are aligned at exact center • Anaphase • Centromeres split, indentical sets of chromosomes moved to opposite poles

  13. Mitotic Phase • Telophase • Chromosomes uncoil and revert to chromatin form • Nuclear envelope forms around each mass

  14. Cytokinesis • Division of the cytoplasm • NOT A PART OF MITOSIS!! • Mitosis is a nuclear event, cytokinesis is cytoplasmic

  15. Karyotype

  16. Alleles

  17. Genotype Phenotype • AA, Ab • aa

  18. Punnett Squares

  19. Heterozygous female with freckles x heterozygous male with freckles 1 : 2 : 1

  20. Codominance

  21. Incomplete Dominance Neither trait is dominant Heterozygotes show a blending of the traits

  22. X – linked traits • Traits passed on by the sex chromosomes

  23. X – Linked Punnett Squares

  24. Epistasis Action or expression of a gene influences that of another

  25. Next Week • Quiz first 15-20 minutes of class. Do not be late!!! • Covers material from Labs 1 & 2 and definitions from Lab 3.

  26. What is due today? • Integrate: Heredity: Principles of Inheritance • Objectives on page 31 • Skip questions on “sex-influenced” and “holandric” (questions # 10 & 14) • Read and answer Activity Questions on pages 33- 40, 42, and 45-46 (only do section V) • General questions # 1 - 3

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