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Exploring Animal Kingdom: Characteristics and Classification

Discover the diverse features of Kingdom Animalia, from symmetry to body plans, and explore major phyla like Porifera, Mollusca, and more. Understand the significance of segmentation and germ layers in animal classification.

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Exploring Animal Kingdom: Characteristics and Classification

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  1. KINGDOM ANIMALIA

  2. A:link { color: #0000FF !important;

  3. Characteristic Features • Multicellular, eukaryotic • Heterotrophic • Demonstrate a wide variation in body plans • Consist of about 30 phyla, 9 of which are considered major

  4. The Animal Kingdom GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS: • Most complex of all kingdoms • Multicellular (made of many cells)‏ • They obtain food from OUTSIDE SOURCES • They move from place to place to get food • They swallow their foodand they digest food inside the body.

  5. Bases of MetazoanClassification • SYMMETRY- overall plan of organization a. ASYMMETRY- no plan is apparent

  6. Bases of MetazoanClassification b. BILATERAL SYMMETRY - divides the animal into mirror images: left and right

  7. Bases of MetazoanClassification c. RADIAL SYMMETRY- in which parts are arranged about a central axis

  8. Bases of MetazoanClassification 2.SEGMENTATION/ METAMERISM- serial, linear, repetition of homologous parts

  9. Bases of MetazoanClassification 3.CEPHALIZATION- the presence of an obvious head w/ its important structures

  10. Bases of MetazoanClassification 4. GERM LAYERS- layers of cells from which all the tissues and organs of the adult develop

  11. Bases of MetazoanClassification 5.BODY CAVITIES- in which the digestive tract and other vital organs lie

  12. The Animal Kingdom- REVIEW • INVERTEBRATE- An animal that does not have a backbone 2) VERTEBRATE- An animal that has a backbone

  13. PORIFERA • pore- bearing animals

  14. sponges

  15. COELENTERATA • hollow-bodied animals • w/ stinging cells (CNIDOCYTES/ NEMATOCYSTS)‏ • exhibits 2 life forms: polyp & medusa

  16. Hydra sp. - exhibits somersaulting

  17. Atoll

  18. Fringing reef

  19. PLATYHELMINTHES • flatworms • free-living or parasitic • some have serious negative impacts on human health and ecosystem • may have suckers to attach to host planaria

  20. Parasitic flatworms fluke tapeworm

  21. ASCHELMINTHES • nonsegmented roundworms • may be the most successful of all worms in its adaptive abilities • represent 90% of all life on the seafloor • some can undergo CRYPTOBIOSIS (a state of suspension of all metabolic activities)‏ • parasitic, free-living, or predatory

  22. ASCHELMINTHES • nonsegmented roundworms heartworm ascaris whipworm

  23. parasitic roundworms

  24. vinegar eel

  25. Filarial worm and elephantiasis

  26. Elephantiasis • It is caused by a nematode Wuchereria bancrofti • It causes swollen limbs and genitals (Filariasis) and affects over 120 million people in the world • Previous anti-nematode treatments have been limited by poor levels of effectiveness, drug side effects and high costs.

  27. Elephantiasis • Doxycycline was shown in 2003 to kill the symbiotic Wolbachia bacteria upon which the nematodes are dependent. • Field trials in 2005 showed that Doxycycline almost completely eliminates blood-borne filaria when given for an 8 week course.

  28. ANNELIDA“little ring” • segmented round worms • found in most wet environments • free-living; some parasitic; some mutualistic

  29. ANNELIDA“little ring”

  30. MOLLUSCA • soft-bodied animals • some may have a protective outer shell

  31. MOLLUSCS • Important food source for humans • Some may accumulate toxins • Source of important luxury goods, notably pearls, mother of pearl, Tyrian purple dye, and sea silk. • Their shells have also been used as a money in some pre-industrial societies

  32. MOLLUSCS • Can also represent hazards or pests for human activities 1. The bite of the blue-ringed octopus is often fatal 2. That of Octopus apollyon causes inflammationthat can last for over a month 3. Stings from a few species of large tropical cone shells can also kill, but their sophisticated though easily-produced venoms have become important tools in neurological research

  33. MOLLUSCS • Can transmit a parasite such as a worm • Snails and slugs can also be serious agricultural pests, and accidental or deliberate introduction of some snail species into new environments has seriously damaged some ecosystems.

  34. MOLLUSCA

  35. ECHINODERMATA • spiny-skinned • adults have radial symmetry; larval stage have bilateral symmetry • possess a unique water vascular system, a network of fluid-filled canals that function in gas exchange, feeding, and secondarily in locomotion

  36. ECHINODERMATA

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