Spaniards in the Americas: The Age of Exploration and Conquest

1. The Atlantic World, 1492-1800 Europeans explored and colonized the Americas, disrupting native civilizations, and built the African slave trade to support plantations in the New World.

2. Section-1 Spain Builds an American Empire The voyages of Columbus prompt the Spanish to establish colonies in the Americas.

3. Section-1 Spain Builds an American Empire The Voyages of Columbus • First Encounters • Genoese sea captain ChristopherColumbusreaches Americas (1492) • Thinks he is in East Indies, calls natives “los indios”—Indians • Actually lands on an island, probably the Bahamas • Unable to find gold, he claims land for Spain Continued…

4. Section-1 Spain Builds an American Empire The Voyages of Columbus • In 1493, he sets out for the Americas again with a large fleet • Spain aims to set up colonies—lands controlled by a foreign nation Continued…

5. Other Explorers Take to the Seas • Pedro Álvares Cabral claims Brazil for Portugal (1500) Section-1

6. Section-1 • Amerigo Vespucci identifies South America as new continent (1501) • In 1507, German mapmaker names the continent America

7. Nicolás de Ovando  Governor of Hispanola from 1502 until 1509 13 February 1502, he sailed from Spain with a fleet of thirty ships. It was the largest fleet that had ever sailed to the New World. The thirty ships carried around 2,500 colonists.

8. He also developed the mining industry, introduced the cultivation of sugar cane with plants imported from the Canary Islands.

9. Section-1 • Vasco Núñez de Balboa reaches the Pacific Ocean • Later executed in a power struggle

10. Section-1 • Ferdinand Magellan leaves to sail around the world (1519) • Magellan is killed, but some of his men return to Spain in 1522 • When Victoria, the one surviving ship, returned to the harbor of departure after completing the first circumnavigation of the Earth, only 18 men out of the original 237 men were on board. 

12. Section-1 Conquistadors • Conquistadors • In 1519, HernandoCortés—Spanish adventurer—lands in Mexico (online text) • He and others become known as conquistadors—Spanish conquerors

13. Conquistadors Section-1 • Cortés Conquers the Aztecs • Cortés and 600 men reach Aztec capital of Tenochtitlán • By 1521, they conquer Aztec empire • Montezuma thought Cortes was the god Quetzalcoatl 

14. Conquistadors Section-1 • Cortés Conquers the Aztecs • Conquest aided by superior weapons and Native American allies • European diseases wipe out large numbers of Aztecs

15. The Spanish Conquests in Peru Section-1 • Another Conquistador • Spanish conqueror Francisco Pizarro leads force to Peru in 1532 • Pizarro Subdues the Inca • Pizarro kills Atahualpa—Inca ruler—and defeats the Inca

16. Section-1 • Spain’s Pattern of Conquest • Spanish men and Native American women have children • Result is large mestizo—mixed Spanish and native—population • Encomiendasystem—Spanish force Native Americans to work for them

17. Section-1 • The Portuguese in Brazil • In 1530s, Portuguese settle in Brazil, begin growing sugar and importing African slaves

18. Section-1 • Growth of Spanish Power • Conquests in Americas bring great wealth to Spain • Spain enlarges its navy to protect ships carrying treasure

19. Section-1 • Conquistadors Push North • Juan Ponce de León claims Florida for Spain (1513) 10th grade text p44 • Juan Ponce de Leon (1460?-1521) was a Spanish explorer and soldier who was the first European to set foot in Florida. He also established the oldest European settlement in Puerto Rico and discovered the Gulf Stream (a current in the Atlantic Ocean).

20. J. Michael Francis, a historian at the University of South Florida, St. Petersburg who has spent decades studying the Spanish colonies in the Americas , says no mention of a Fountain of Youth occurs in any known documents from Ponce’s lifetime, including contracts and other official correspondence with the Crown. In fact, Ponce’s name did not become connected with the Fountain of Youth until many years after his death, and then only thanks to a Spanish court chronicler out to discredit him.Read more: http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/ponce-de-leon-never-searched-for-the-fountain-of-youth-72629888/#2fvxD6PqsfuOLwqp.99

21. In 1528 Panfilo de Narvaez searched northern Florida for the city of gold. Found nothing. Would return to ship and sail west toward the coastline of Texas ships would encounter a storm and ship wreck off Texas coast.

24. Section-1 • In 1540s, Francisco Coronado explores Southwest, but finds little gold • Catholic priests set up missions in Southwest of what is now the USA and in Florida from San Augustine to the Apalachicola River • In early 1600s, Spanish establish capital of Santa Fe

25. He led a large expedition from Mexico to present-day Kansas through parts of the southwestern United States between 1540 and 1542. Coronado had hoped to reach the mythical Seven Cities of Gold. His expedition marked the first European sightings of the Grand Canyon and the Colorado River, among other landmarks.

28. Spain had always been concerned about the French establishing colonies in North America. So in 1565 they built and established a town where? St. Augustine Florida to protect their claim to the region, Oldest city in America. Castillo de San Marcos

34. Spanish Mission’s in Florida • Pedro Menendez had other goals about colonizing Florida besides his economic and military concerns; one was a desire to convert the native inhabitants of the region to Catholicism. • Missions were important to the civil leaders of Florida for reasons other than conversion of the natives.

35. Florida's El Camino Real

36. Opposition to Spanish Rule Section-1 • Protests Against Mistreatment • Catholic priests protest mistreatment of Native Americans • African Slavery and Native Resistance • Spain abolishes encomienda(1542) • Need for workers in mines and on farms met with enslaved Africans • Some Natives resist conquerors

37. 1559 expedition led by Tristan de Luna d http://www.jstor.org/stable/40712896?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents e Luna http://www.foxnews.com/science/2016/02/17/amateur-archaeologist-discovers-lost-spanish-settlement-in-florida-panhandle.html