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Bellringer

Read the following excerpt from the Book of the Dead. Turn to your bellringer page and answer the following questions: After reading this passage, what can you deduce about the afterlife and its importance in Egyptian daily life? Why would someone be listing everything they did not do?.

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Bellringer

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  1. Read the following excerpt from the Book of the Dead. Turn to your bellringer page and answer the following questions: After reading this passage, what can you deduce about the afterlife and its importance in Egyptian daily life? Why would someone be listing everything they did not do? Bellringer

  2. Read the following excerpt from the Book of the Dead and Song of the Nile. After reading this passage, what can you deduce about the afterlife and its importance in Egyptian daily life? Why would someone be listing everything they did not do? Bellringer – Pre-AP

  3. Ancient EGYPT

  4. Old Kingdom: The “Age of Pyramids”

  5. Flooded once/ year (July) and receded in October leaving fertile soil Lived along lower part of Nile early on… Ended along the cataracts: churning rapids with jagged cliffs and boulders The Nile RIver

  6. 3200 BCE Egypt under rule of 2 different kings • 3100 BCE Menesunited Egypt • 1st dynasty of 31 that will last 2600 years Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt

  7. Begins with 3rd dynasty around 2660 BCE • Pharaohs were god-kings • Center of religion (theocracy) • Government • Military Old Kingdom Egypt

  8. Pharaoh had an eternal spirit or ka Resting place after death was a pyramid More stone than Fertile Crescent “Age of Pyramids”

  9. More optimistic than Mesopotamia Ra (god of sun) and Horus (god of light) most important Over 2000 gods and goddesses Afterlife- heart weighed Religion

  10. All classes planned burials to safely reach Other World Built tombs Preserved the body through mummification Put in coffin in tomb with scrolls, clothes, cosmetics, food, and jewelry Death in Egypt

  11. Class System in Egypt

  12. Social classes were not set in stone • Could gain status through marriage • Slaves could gain freedom • Education could lead to high positions • Women had many similar rights as men • Own or trade property • Propose marriage or seek divorce • Entitlement to 1/3 of family property in divorce Classes and Women in Egypt

  13. Pictographs quickly developed into hieroglyphics which means “sacred carving” 1srt written on stone and clay, but later on papyrus- reeds that grew in the marsh Egyptian Writing

  14. Look at the worksheet. Using the information provided, try to decipher the code. Once you are finished, try creating your own hieroglyphics on a separate sheet of paper. Activity: Write your own hieroglyphics

  15. Many inventions served a practical purpose • Numbers, addition, and subtraction for taxes • Geometry for boundaries of farms • Builders used mathematical calculations for constructing pyramids and monuments • Architects used columns in homes, palaces, temples • Calendar to help planting season • Medicine, pulse rate, splints, and surgery Science and Technology in Ancient Egypt

  16. 2180 BCE, power started to decline First Intermediate Period (100 years) Middle Kingdom 2080-1640 BCE improved trade, transportation, and irrigation 1640 BCE Hyksos “chariot riders” took over for 70 years (Second Intermediate Period) After that, the New Kingdom rises… The Decline of Old Kingdom

  17. New Kingdom EGYPT: Egypt’s Golden Age (1570 BCE- 1075 BCE)

  18. Now had bronze weapons and 2 wheeled chariots Army included archers, charioteers, and infantry New crown- a battle helmet The New face of the new kingdom

  19. Hatshepsut Thutmose IIi • Declared self Pharaoh in 1472 BCE • Encouraged trade over warfare • Stepson of Hatsheput • Invaded Palestine, Syria, and Nubia New Rulers of New Kingdom

  20. 1290- 1224 BCE Lived to 99 years old Considered one of the greatest pharaohs “The Great Ancestor” Father of 150 children Discovered in 1881, on display at Cairo Museum Ramesses II

  21. Taking Syria and Palestine led the Egyptians into conflicts with the Hittites Met at Battle of Kadesh 1285 BCE– ended in standstill Ramses II and Hittite king made a treaty that lasted the rest of the century Egypt and the hittites

  22. Beautiful palaces, tombs, and temples were built but hidden from grave robbers Chose Valley of Kings, near Thebes Age of Builders

  23. Valley of kings

  24. Attacked by “people of the sea” Egypt never recovered Broke apart regionally Libyan pharaohs ruled Egypt and adopted culture After that, the Nubians took over and also embraced Egyptian culture. Decline of the New Kingdom

  25. Egypt ruled Kush for 1000 years As Egypt declined, took over as power Nubia was between first cataract and division of Blue and White Nile Served as link between Africa and the Mediterranean Kushites (nubians) conquer the nile

  26. Started a little after 2000 BCE 1st Nubian kingdom Buried in chambers larger than Egyptian princes Prospered during Egypt’s Hyksosperiod Done by Piankhi in 751 BCE Kerma

  27. Studied under Egyptians while ruled by Egypt Adopted architecture, clothing, and customs from Egypt Attempted to take over Libyans to help preserve culture Kush

  28. Royal family moved here for better protection More rich in resources, better weather Traded along the Red Sea Prospered 250 BCE – 150 CE Meroe

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