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Intellectual Disabilities. AAIDD definition: Four criteria1) Substantial limitations in personal capabilities2) Subaverage intellectual functioning (I.Q.)3) Disability in 2 or more adaptive skill areasCommunication, home living, community use, work, health/safety, social skills, self-care, sel
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1. Intellectual Disabilities Definition, Causes, and
Characteristics
2. Intellectual Disabilities AAIDD definition: Four criteria
1) Substantial limitations in personal capabilities
2) Subaverage intellectual functioning (I.Q.)
3) Disability in 2 or more adaptive skill areas
Communication, home living, community use, work, health/safety, social skills, self-care, self-direction, functional academics, leisure
4) Begins before age 18
3. ID Definition School personnel: Definition within the Rules for implementing IDEA
IDEA Definition (Three Parts)
Significantly subaverage general intellectual functioning
Existing together with deficits in adaptive behavior
Originating during the developmental period
Levels of ID associated with IQ
4. Levels of Severity of ID: IQ Based Depends on scale that your using
M=100 SD=15, then
70-55 Mild
54-40 Moderate
39-25 Severe
25 and below Profound
New definition 2 levels
5. New Classification MR Mild and Severe
Not based on IQ, rather level of functioning
IQ is one of 3 or 4 dimensions used to determine level of severity of disability
Issue: Severe / Profound
6. Scope By definition (using IQ only), 3% of population have intellectual disabilities (i.e. 7.5 million people)
About every five or six minutes, a child is born with ID (9,000 a month)
90% mild
6 % moderate
5% severe/profound
SES major factor in MR prevalence
7. Etiology 30 to 40 percent: Idiopathic
Biological and Environmental
Time Related Causes
Prenatal
Chromosomal Anomalies
Brain Formation Disorders
Metabolic Disorders
Maternal Disease
Rh Incompatibility
Maternal Self Abuse
8. Etiology Perinatal
Head Trauma
Premature birth, post mature birth
Low birth weight (VLBW)
Difficult labor/delivery
Cerebral Anoxia
Postnatal
Head Trauma
Disease
Infections
Environmental Deprivation
Poisoning
Late onset metabolic disorders
Malnutrition
Seizure disorders
Combined Occurrence
9. Chromosomal Anomalies
10. Apert Syndrome
11. Prader-Willi Syndrome
12. Angelman Syndrome
13. William’s Syndrome
14. Chromosomal Anomalies Turner Syndrome/Noonan Syndrome
Fragile X Syndrome
Neurofibromatosis
Other
15. Characteristics Motor Characteristics
Cognitive Characteristics
Affective Characteristics
16. Instructional Strategies Students with ID respond to same instructional strategies as students without disabilities
Need more time and/or trials for skill mastery
Focus should be on functional skills/tasks. IEP team determines what will be functional for each student.
Provide opportunities for students to practice and to achieve success with tasks (supervised) before they have independent practice
Reinforce the processes of the desired task rather than just the products
Teaching tasks and behaviors in the setting where they will be used as much as possible
Use task analysis for complex tasks
For behavior: PP PRE C
17. Specific Examples of Lesson Modifications Math: while class is working on addition
Spelling: while class is taking a spelling test
Science: while class is working on Fahrenheit and Centigrade temperatures