Technical Meeting on Managing the Development of a National Infrastructure for Nuclear Power

1. Technical Meeting on Managing the Development of a National Infrastructure for Nuclear Power SECURITY STATUS IN CHILE Mauricio Lichtemberg Chilean Nuclear Energy CommissionInternational Atomic Energy Agency Vienna, February 2010

2. SECURITY STATUS IN CHILE CONTENT • BACKGROUND • NATIONAL THREAT ASSESSMENT • RESPONSE FORCE • LEGISLATIVE ASPECTS • REGULATORY ASPECTS • ENHANCEMENT INITIATIVES • OPERATIONAL INITIATIVES • CCHEN ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE • AUTHORIZATION PROCESS

3. SECURITY STATUS IN CHILE BACKGROUND • Chile does not have nuclear power installations • But it has the following nuclear facilities: • One operative material testing reactor of 5 MWth; • Another of 2 MWth in extended shutdown condition; • A Fuel Element Production Plant for both Research Reactors; • A Chemical Conversion Facility licensed to convert UF6 to U metallic.

4. SECURITY STATUS IN CHILE BACKGROUND • Chile enacted its Nuclear Safety Law Nº 18.302 on May 2, 1984. • Regulation No. 87/84 on the “APPROVES REGULATIONS FOR THE PHYSICAL PROTECTION OF NUCLEAR INSTALLATIONS AND NUCLEAR MATERIAL”, establishes the requirements and conditions of the physical security plans that any nuclear facilities have to implement.

5. SECURITY STATUS IN CHILE BACKGROUND • On April 27, 1994 Chile subscribed the "Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material" (Decree No. 1121, issued on 17 October 1994). • In 2009 accepted (at present in the process of being promulgated) the "Amendment to the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material”, which incorporates nuclear facilities under its scope to prevent the dangers posed by the unlawful taking and use of nuclear materials.

6. SECURITY STATUS IN CHILE CONTENT • BACKGROUND • NATIONAL THREAT ASSESSMENT • RESPONSE FORCE • LEGISLATIVE ASPECTS • REGULATORY ASPECTS • ENHANCEMENT INITIATIVES • OPERATIONAL INITIATIVES • CCHEN ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE • AUTHORIZATION PROCESS

7. SECURITY STATUS IN CHILE NATIONAL THREAT ASSESSMENT • DBT analyses all potential threats. It was defined by a joint committee that includes institutions such as the National Agency of Intelligence (ANI), the Chilean Army, the Chilean Police, Customs’ Intelligence Unit and Chilean Nuclear Energy Commission. • La Reina and Lo Aguirre Nuclear Centres have a system of physical protection for their nuclear facilities and materials based on the Design Basis Threat (DBT).

8. SECURITY STATUS IN CHILE CONTENT • BACKGROUND • NATIONAL THREAT ASSESSMENT • RESPONSE FORCE • LEGISLATIVE ASPECTS • REGULATORY ASPECTS • ENHANCEMENT INITIATIVES • OPERATIONAL INITIATIVES • CCHEN ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE • AUTHORIZATION PROCESS

9. SECURITY STATUS IN CHILE RESPONSE FORCE By Law Decree Nº 1.507, the Chilean Army, in particular the Battalion No.1 of the Military Police is responsible for the protection of sites with nuclear facilities (CCHEN nuclear centers). For these sites, the main functions of the Battalion are: access control, surveillance and response to a malevolent act. To achieve these objectives, the Army provides personnel for permanent guards at the main gate and for patrol around the site perimeter and exterior of buildings.

10. SECURITY STATUS IN CHILE RESPONSE FORCE (cont.) In addition, the Army is responsible for ensuring appropriate response to emergency situations regarding security. The technical aspects of the physical protection system, such as barriers, intrusion detection and surveillance devices, are under CCHEN responsibility . As a rule, military personnel are not allowed to enter to nuclear facilities.

11. SECURITY STATUS IN CHILE CONTENT • BACKGROUND • NATIONAL THREAT ASSESSMENT • RESPONSE FORCE • LEGISLATIVE ASPECTS • REGULATORY ASPECTS • ENHANCEMENT INITIATIVES • OPERATIONAL INITIATIVES • CCHEN ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE • AUTHORIZATION PROCESS

12. SECURITY STATUS IN CHILE LEGISLATIVE ASPECTS Nuclear Safety Law, No.18.302 (amended by Law No. 18.730 and Law No.19.825 and Law Nº 20.402) establish responsibilities for Chilean Nuclear Energy Commission (CCHEN) and the Ministry of Energy on the regulation, supervision, monitoring and control of the activities related to the peaceful uses of nuclear energy and to nuclear installations and the nuclear substances and radioactive materials used in them including their transport. SECURITY STATUS IN CHILE

13. SECURITY STATUS IN CHILE LEGISLATIVE ASPECTS • In particular, Article 4 of the law Nº 18.302 defines: • CCHEN as the Competent Authority for the construction, • commissioning, operation, closure and decommissioning of nuclear • installations, plants, laboratory centers, establishments and facilities. • Ministry of Energy as Competent Authority for issuing authorizations • for Nuclear Power Plants, Enrichment Plants, Reprocessing Plants and • Storages for final disposal of radioactive waste. SECURITY STATUS IN CHILE

14. SECURITY STATUS IN CHILE LEGISLATIVE ASPECTS Finally, Article 12 establishes that “To avert damage that may arise from the theft, robbery or loss of nuclear substances, nuclear installations, plants, centers and laboratories, must have physical protection measures in place, and their operator have to adopt the security measures required by the regulations and, in each case, by the authorization issued by CCHEN or Energy Ministry”.

15. SECURITY STATUS IN CHILE CONTENT • BACKGROUND • NATIONAL THREAT ASSESSMENT • RESPONSE FORCE • LEGISLATIVE ASPECTS • REGULATORY ASPECTS • ENHANCEMENT INITIATIVES • OPERATIONAL INITIATIVES • CCHEN ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE • AUTHORIZATION PROCESS

16. SECURITY STATUS IN CHILE REGULATION REGULATORY ASPECTS CCHEN is responsible for proposing the regulation in this area and establish the rules that define the physical protection systems for nuclear materials in the country. Decree No.87/84, 24 December 1984, “APPROVES REGULATIONS FOR THE PHYSICAL PROTECTION OF NUCLEAR INSTALLATIONS AND NUCLEAR MATERIAL”, establishes CCHEN is the Competent Authority to carry out the evaluation, authorization and control functions of the physical protection plans required for the national regulation.

17. SECURITY STATUS IN CHILE REGULATION REGULATORY ASPECTS Furthermore, this decree covers theft and sabotage issues, provides a classification of nuclear material and a detailed description of the types and levels of physical protection to be implemented by the operators. In particular, the decree establishes the need for a physical plan, details its content and the basis for granting the authorization by CCHEN.

18. SECURITY STATUS IN CHILE CONTENT • BACKGROUND • NATIONAL THREAT ASSESSMENT • RESPONSE FORCE • LEGISLATIVE ASPECTS • REGULATORY ASPECTS • ENHANCEMENT INITIATIVES • OPERATIONAL INITIATIVES • CCHEN ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE • AUTHORIZATION PROCESS

19. SECURITY STATUS IN CHILE ENHANCEMENT INITIATIVES 1. NUCLEAR LAW • Aproposal of a new Nuclear Law is under development that considers an authority with competence on Safety and Security issues .

20. SECURITY STATUS IN CHILE ENHANCEMENT INITIATIVES 2. REGULATION • A draft regulation reviewing the decree Nº 87/84 was presented to the Ministry of Mining. Among others issues, this decree covers the physical protection of nuclear material during transport. • This proposal provides consistent requirements with the INFCIRC/225/Rev.4 (amended). It ensures an appropriated protection to the information provided in the operator's physical protection plans.

21. SECURITY STATUS IN CHILE ENHANCEMENT INITIATIVES 3. Guides and standards • A proposal of guides and standards according to the regulations and the Design Basis Threat already defined will be developed by CCHEN .

22. SECURITY STATUS IN CHILE CONTENT • BACKGROUND • NATIONAL THREAT ASSESSMENT • RESPONSE FORCE • LEGISLATIVE ASPECTS • REGULATORY ASPECTS • ENHANCEMENT INITIATIVES • OPERATIONAL INITIATIVES • CCHEN ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE • AUTHORIZATION PROCESS

23. SECURITY STATUS IN CHILE OPERATIONALINITIATIVES • To formally constitute an interagency committee for nuclear security policy making devoted to define its roles, structure, responsibilities and reporting requirements; • To perform a threat assessment for each nuclear facility; • To define Design Basis Threat (DBT); • To incorporate DBT into the Regulatory Framework; • To categorize the nuclear material of each nuclear facility, and • To design and implement a Physical Protection System for each facility.

24. SECURITY STATUS IN CHILE CONTENT • BACKGROUND • NATIONAL THREAT ASSESSMENT • RESPONSE FORCE • LEGISLATIVE ASPECTS • REGULATORY ASPECTS • ENHANCEMENT INITIATIVES • OPERATIONAL INITIATIVES • CCHEN ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE • AUTHORIZATION PROCESS

25. SECURITY STATUS IN CHILE CCHEN ORGANIZATIONALSTRUCTURE

26. SECURITY STATUS IN CHILE CONTENT • BACKGROUND • NATIONAL THREAT ASSESSMENT • RESPONSE FORCE • LEGISLATIVE ASPECTS • REGULATORY ASPECTS • ENHANCEMENT INITIATIVES • OPERATIONAL INITIATIVES • CCHEN ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE • AUTHORIZATION PROCESS

27. SECURITY STATUS IN CHILE AUTHORIZATION PROCESS LICENSING Decree No.87/84 clearly defines the need and the content of a physical protection plan, and establishes that the licensing process should include an assessment of this plan for granting a formal authorization of the physical protection system implemented by the operator. Actions To update an internal standard dedicated to regulate the licensing process (NCS-GG-02)

28. SECURITY STATUS IN CHILE INSPECTION In accordance with its own procedures DSNR inspects the physical protection measurements implemented by the operators. ACTIONS To develop internal procedures describing the inspection process, in particular the administrative procedures and acceptance criteria for equipment.