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The perfect active system

The perfect active system. The Perfect System. The present system (present, imperfect, and future tenses) were all formed from the PRESENT stem (the 2 nd principal part)

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The perfect active system

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  1. The perfect active system

  2. The Perfect System • The present system (present, imperfect, and future tenses) were all formed from the PRESENT stem (the 2nd principal part) • The perfect system (perfect, pluperfect, and future perfect) are all formed from the PERFECT stem (the 3rd principal part) • To find the perfect stem drop the –I from the 3rd principal part

  3. To form the perfect: • Find the perfect Stem (drop the i from the 3rd principal part) • Add these new personal endings: īimus Istīistis it erunt • Translated _______ed, has/have ________ed

  4. Laudō, laudāre, laudāvī, laudatum Laudāvī (I praised) Laudāvimus(we praised) Laudāvistī(you praised) Laudāvistis(ya’ll praised) Laudāvit(he praised) Laudāvērunt(they praised)

  5. You try! • Agō, agere, egī, actum EgīEgimus EgistīEgistis EgitEgērunt

  6. To find the pluperfect: • Find the perfect stem • Add the imperfect of sum • ALWAYS translate “HAD” laudāveramlaudāverāmus laudāverāslaudāverātis laudāveratlaudāverant

  7. To find the future perfect: • Find the perfect stem • Add the future of sum, EXCEPT in the 3rd plural • Translate will have ________ed laudāverōlaudāverimus laudāverislaudāveritis laudāveritlaudāverint

  8. Why three tenses? • Perfect- completed action in the past, with consequences in the present • I studied yesterday, so I know what Magistra is talking about • Pluperfect- the double past, action in the past with consequences in the past • I had studied last weekend, so I knew what Magistra was talking about yesterday • Future perfect- act that will have been completed in the future with consequences in the future • I will have studied this weekend, so I will know what Magistra is talking about

  9. Synopsis! • A synopsis means to form a verb in each of the tenses in a specified person and number • 3rd singular of cādo, cadere, cecidī, cāsurum (to fall) Present- Cadit Perfect- Cecidit Imperfect- Cadēbat Pluperfect- Ceciderat Future- Cadet Future Perfect- Ceciderit

  10. You try! • Form the synopsis of āmittō, āmittere, āmīsī, āmissum (to send away, lose) in the 2nd singular ĀmittisĀmīsistī ĀmittēbāsĀmīserās ĀmittēsĀmīseris

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