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The impact of dating and sexual violence among youth

The impact of dating and sexual violence among youth. Presented By Kari Meredith Teen Dating Violence Resource Provider New Mexico Attorney General’s Office.

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The impact of dating and sexual violence among youth

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  1. The impact of dating and sexual violenceamong youth Presented By Kari Meredith Teen Dating Violence Resource Provider New Mexico Attorney General’s Office

  2. At the 2008 Summer Meeting of the National Association of Attorneys General, Attorneys Generalfrom across the nation passed a resolution encouraging schools to develop teen dating violence awareness curriculum. Attorney General King has since then partnered with the New Mexico Public Education Department and created a teen dating violence initiative which will begin to be implemented into NM schools statewide in the 2011-2012 school year.

  3. LEARNING OBJECTIVES • Develop a common understanding of TDV • Understand the severity of the problem in NM • Describe the different elements which may be present in abusive relationships, including among pregnant and parenting teens, and why they stay in these relationships • Provide prevention strategies and resources • Describe policies, laws and programs promoting youth safety

  4. What is Dating Abuse? • The physical, sexual, or psychological/emotional violence within a dating relationship, as well as stalking. • Can occur in person or electronically • Between a current or former dating partner. • Also described as: • Relationship Abuse • Intimate Partner Violence • Relationship Violence • Dating Abuse • Domestic Abuse • Domestic Violence

  5. Anger & Emotional Abuse • Using Social Status • Intimidation • Minimize, Deny & Blame • Threats • Sexual Coercion • Isolation & Exclusion • **Peer Pressure** • http://www.acadv.org/teenpcwheel.html

  6. Approximately 1 in 5 female students (grades 9-12) reported being physically and/or sexually abused by a dating partner. Adolescent girls who report a history of, or are currently experiencing, dating violence are more likely to exhibit other serious health risk behaviors. (Silverman, J.G.; Raj, A; Mucci, L and Hathaway, J.E., 2001.)

  7. High school students report being hit, slapped, or physically hurt on purpose by their boyfriend or girlfriend in the 12 months prior to the survey. YRRS 2009=9.8%2007=12.6% YRBS Nationally 9.8% (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2009 Youth Risk Behavior Survey)

  8. Women ages 16 to 24 experience the highest per capita rates of intimate violence--nearly 20 per 1000 women.(Bureau of Justice Special Report: Intimate Partner Violence, May 2000)

  9. ADDITIONAL BEHAVIORS CONNECTED TO TEEN DATING VIOLENCE

  10. Student Victims of TDV & Other Students(NM YRRS, 2007)

  11. Student Victims of TDV & Other Students 2007 NM YRRS

  12. Date Violence Video Case Study with Intimate Partner Death Review Team

  13. Emotional or Psychological Abuse • Verbal Abuse • Physical Abuse • Sexual Abuse • Birth Control Sabotage • Digital Dating Abuse TYPES OF DATING VIOLENCE

  14. EMOTIONAL / VERBAL ABUSE • Name calling • Humiliation/Insults • Control Activities • Put downs • Yelling/Screaming • Isolation from friends and family • Threatening to hurt oneself

  15. PHYSICAL ABUSE Physical Abuse • Scratching • Punching • Biting • Kicking • Throwing something • Pulling hair • Choking • Pushing • Slapping • Holding you down • Using a weapon

  16. What Does Physical Dating Violence Look Like?Rihanna and Chris

  17. Rihanna – Diane Sawyer

  18. Sexual Violence • Forced or unwanted sexual activity or rape • Coercion or pressure on someone to have sex or try to engage in sexual activity with someone who is under the influence of drugs or alcohol. • Birth Control Sabotage • “Date Rape”

  19. Reproductive Coercion • Explicit attempts to impregnate a female partner against her will • Controlling the outcome of a pregnancy • Coercing a partner to engage in unwanted sexual acts • Forced condom non-use • Threats or acts of violence if a person doesn’t agree to have sex • Intentionally exposing a partner to a STI/HIV Healthcare Education, Assessment & Response Tool for Teen Relationships Primer (California Adolescent Health Collaborative, Feb. 2011)

  20. BIRTH CONTROL SABOTAGE • Efforts to manipulate another person's use of birth control or to undermine efforts to prevent an unwanted pregnancy. • Can include: • replacing birth control pills with fakes • puncturing condoms • threats and violence to prevent an individual's attempted use of birth control

  21. Pregnancy Pressure • Pressuring partner to become pregnant when she does not wish to be pregnant • Verbal and/or physical threats • Threatening to leave or harm if she doesn’t get pregnant • Threatening to have baby with someone else if partner does not become pregnant

  22. 51% of young mothers on public assistance experienced birth control sabotage by a dating partner. (Center for Impact Research, 2000)

  23. Extent of Reproductive Coercion • Adolescent girls in physically abuse relationships were 3-6 times more likely to become pregnant than non-abused girls (Roberts TA, Auinger, P, Klein JD. J Adolesc Health. 2005 May; 36(5):380-385.) • Adolescent mothers who experienced physical abuse within three months after delivery were nearly twice as likely to have a repeat pregnancy within 24 months than non-abused mothers. (Raneri LG, Wiemann CM. Perspect Sex Reprod Health. 2007 Mar; 39(1):39-47.)

  24. Reproductive Coercion/Birth Control Sabotage

  25. DATE RAPE • When forced sex occurs between two people who already know each other • Only 1/4 to 1/3 of women whose sexual assaults met the legal definition of rape considered themselves rape victims. • 50% of high school boys and 42% of girls said there were times it was acceptable for a male to hold a female down and physically force her to engage in intercourse.(National Studies of College Women, Sept. 2005)

  26. Human Trafficking • NMSA § 30-52-1.

  27. MINOR SEX TRAFFICKING • A “pimp” manipulates a minor to thinking she is being courted. • She believes he is her boyfriend. • He ultimately has the intention to sell her for commercial sexual activity. • Will use physical force, rape, beatings to get her to comply.

  28. ELECTRONIC DATING ABUSE • Textual Harassment • Texting excessively. • Sending threatening texts • 1 in 3 teens reported receiving 10 to 30 text messages an hour from a partner keeping tabs on them. • 1 in 4 reported their partners called them names or harassed them through text messages and cell phones.

  29. ELECTRONIC DATING ABUSE • 10% of youth said a romantic partner has prevented them from using a computer or cell phone. • 6% of boys and girls say their romantic partner posted something publicly online to make fun of, threaten, or embarrass them. • 10.4% of boys and 9.8% of girls said they received a threatening cell phone message from their romantic partner. • 5.4% of boys and 3.4% of girls said their romantic partner uploaded or shared a humiliating harassing picture of them online or through their cell phone (Cyberbullying Research Center, 2010)

  30. Social Sites/ Cyberbullying • Online attacks through Facebook/ Twitter/ MySpace • E-Mail monitoring by jealous partner • Cyberbullying, defined as: “willful and repeated harm inflicted through the use of computers, cell phones, and other electronic devices.” (Cyberbullying Research Center)

  31. “Sexting” • Sending or posting sexually suggestive images • Could be charged with sending child pornography if forward an explicit picture of a minor in NM.

  32. Sexting • Phillip Alpert • Florida 18-year-old • Circulated nude pictures of his girlfriend (which she had sent him), by texting them to his friends, her friends, and her family. • The legal problem: • She was only 16 and a minor • Distributing explicit photos of a minor constitutes child pornography. The real problem: like many teenagers, he did not understand the long-term consequences of his actions.

  33. Jesse Logan

  34. How young does the abuse start? • Nearly three in four tweens (age 11-14) (72%) say boyfriend/girlfriend relationships usually begin at age 14 or younger • 62% of tweens (age 11-14) who have been in a relationship say they know friends who have been verbally abused (called stupid, worthless, ugly, etc.) by a boyfriend/girlfriend. • (Liz Claiborne Inc. Conducted by Teenage Research Unlimited, February 2008)

  35. ADOLESCENT AND ADULT INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE DIFFER • Marginalization based on minor status • Disparity in access to health (reproductive) and behavioral healthcare • Systems Involvement • Child Protective Services • Juvenile Justice • Public/Private Education System • Barriers in accessing youth-centered resources • Shelters • Orders for Protection • Adolescent victimization and perpetration services • Workforce readiness • Confidentiality and consent laws • Mandatory reporting practices

  36. What are some of the red flags that someone may be in an abusive dating relationship?Physical signs of being hurt-Fear of the dating partner-Being increasingly isolated from family and friends-Changing behavior because of a partner’s jealousy-Feeling embarrassed, put down, ashamed or guilty

  37. More red flags that someone may be in an abusive dating relationship • Being threatened • Physically threatening assaulting a girlfriend/boyfriend • Intimidating a dating partner • Becoming angry if partner is spending time with others

  38. RED FLAGS Universal Screening Tool Relationship Status Respect, Resiliency, and Rights in Relationships Emotional Abuse Educational Sabotage Drugs and Alcohol Use Friends and Family Lethality or Dangerousness Quick Screen Anger, Arguments, Aggression, Access to Weapons, Animal Cruelty, Attempts or Threats to Harm Give Youth-Centered Resources Safety Plan

  39. Why do teens stay in abusive relationships? • They are new at dating; they think it is “normal.” • They misinterpret it as a sign of love. • There is a lot of pressure to be in dating relationships, even at a very young age; this makes it difficult to leave.

  40. Why Teens Stay In Violent Relationships Adults May Not Take It Seriously. • Adults think they will “just grow out of it.” Many may grow into a lifelong pattern of abuse if not addressed. • Teens are afraid to talk to adults about this. For these reasons, adults need to be more proactive

  41. Witnessing parents being abusive or experiencing child abuse increases the risk for dating violence for both boys and girls. (Makepeace, 1997) Why Teens Stay In Violent Relationships

  42. Demi Cuccia16 years oldAugust 2007

  43. Ortralla Mosley13 years oldMarch 2003

  44. Lauren AstelyApril 1, 1993 – July 4, 2011

  45. Natasha Hall

  46. How Can Teens Protect Themselves? • Find someone they can trust to talk to • Be informed of what dating violence is • Dating Safety Plan • Obtain a protection order

  47. How Can Adults Protect Teens? Mobilize around youth and adult violence preventionReduce youth risk factors such as poverty and drug abuse Strengthen safe, well-resourced and resilient school and afterschool environmentsIf a student has obtained a restraining protection order or other court order due to dating abuse, take the situation seriously and proactively enforce the order on the school campus.

  48. RESOURCES • National Dating Abuse Hotline – 866-331-9474 • www.loveisrespect.org • The National Domestic Violence Hotline – 800-799-SAFE (7233) • www.thehotline.org • Domestic Violence Resource Center – 505-884-1241 • www.resourcesinc.org • Pegasus Legal Services for Children – 505-244-1101 • www.pegasuslaw.org • New Mexico Legal Aid – 505-768-6122 • www.nmlegalaid.org

  49. ACTION STEPS Assess the local level of both youth and adult violence Form or strengthen action groups or coalitions to identify and implement youth violence prevention strategies Strengthen partnerships between law enforcement, CYFD, public health, schools, parents, and youth and other stakeholders Prioritize youth safety and health Evaluate Progress

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