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Medical Terminology

Medical Terminology. Anatomy and Positions. Definitions. Anatomy – physical structures of the body Physiology – how the body structures work and the functions of the body structures. Human body structure. Chemicals – atoms and molecules 2. Cells – are the building blocks of the body

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Medical Terminology

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  1. Medical Terminology Anatomy and Positions

  2. Definitions • Anatomy – physical structures of the body • Physiology – how the body structures work and the functions of the body structures.

  3. Human body structure • Chemicals – atoms and molecules 2. Cells – are the building blocks of the body 3. Tissues 4. Organs 5. Body systems

  4. Types of cells • Blood cells – e.g. white blood cells called leucocyte • Muscle cells • Nerve cells • Bone cells

  5. Medical terminology re cells • Cyt/o = combining form for cell • cyte = suffix for cell • Path/o = combining form meaning disease • Path/o/logy means …….

  6. Cytology • Cyt / o / logy root word combining suffix cell form study of • Cytology means study of cells Pg 9,10

  7. Tissues • Connective tissue – connects body structures to other tissues e.g. fat tissue, bone tissue • Epithelial tissues – forms the skin and lines body organs for protection e.g. stomach • Muscle tissue – responsible for movement • Nerve tissue –relays info from one body part to another • Hist/o =combining form of tissue pg10

  8. Organs • Composed of two or more different types of tissues • Organs perform special functions e.g. stomach - responsible for breaking down food lungs – responsible for breathing heart – responsible for circulating blood to body parts

  9. Systems Are groups of organs working together to perform a particular function • Digestive system • Skeletal system • Muscular system • Nervous system • Cardiovascular system • Respiratory system • Urinary system • Reproductive system • Integumentary system (skin)

  10. Positional Terms pg13

  11. Positional Terms

  12. Movement Terms

  13. Movement Terms • Flexion – angle of joint is decreased • Extension – angle of joint is increased • Hyperextension – further increase in angle of joint • Abduction – moves away from midline of body • Adduction – moves towards midline of body

  14. Body Planes • Midsaggital plane – divides left and right • Transverse plane – divides upper (superior) and lower (inferior) • Coronal plane – divides front (anterior) and back (posterior) Pg 14

  15. Directional Terms

  16. Body Cavities 1.Dorsal cavity – back of body Consists of: a) cranial cavity (holds brain) b) spinal cavity (holds spinal cord) 2. Ventral cavity – front of body Consists of: a) thoracic cavity – heart, lungs b) abdominal cavity – digestive organs, kidneys c) pelvic cavity – reproductive and bladder Pg 16

  17. Abdominal Quadrants • Right upper quadrant (RUQ) • Left upper quadrant (LUQ) • Right lower quadrant (RLQ) • Left lower quadrant (LLQ) pg16

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