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Simultaneous Solutions for Aesthetics and Water Quality Issues

This article discusses the various water quality issues related to aesthetics, taste, odor, color, and other factors. It explores different treatment techniques and evaluates alternatives for improving water quality.

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Simultaneous Solutions for Aesthetics and Water Quality Issues

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  1. Simultaneous Solutions for Aesthetics and Other Water Quality Problems Stephen Booth, PhD Craig Thompson, PE

  2. Water Quality Issues • Aesthetics • Taste & Odor • Color • Particulate matter • Other Issues • Disinfection • DBPs and Precursors • Treatability

  3. USEPA SMCLs - Aesthetics

  4. USEPA SMCLs – Aesthetics(Cont’d)

  5. Groundwater Aesthetics • Iron-reducing bacteria and soluble iron • Sulfur-reducing bacteria and sulfides • High mineral content • Salt water intrusion • Contamination

  6. Surface Water Issues • Planktonic and benthic algae • Proliferation of algae in reservoirs • Agricultural runoff • Industrial discharges • Wastewater plant discharges

  7. Earthy/Musty Grassy/Green Vegetation Decaying/Marshy Fishy Septic Medical/Chemical MTBE (chemical) Woody/Hay Soapy Surface Water Odor Qualities

  8. After Treatment… • Distribution system issues • Plumbing and storage

  9. Geosmin (t-1,10-dimethyl-t,9-decalol) • Geo (earth) + osme = odor • Customer complaints common > 10 ng/L • Odor threshold at 45°C ~5 ng/L

  10. 2-MIB (2-Methylisoborneol) • Odor descriptors: musty, peaty, earthy, damp soil • Sensitivity highly variable

  11. Established: Oxidation Adsorption Emerging: Advanced Oxidation Biodegradation Alternate Adsorbents Treatment Techniques Complex design and operation Significant costs

  12. Evaluating Alternatives • Oxidation / Advanced Oxidation • Ozone • Chlorine dioxide • Potassium permanganate • UV + Peroxide • Adsorption • GAC • PAC

  13. Taste versus Safety Ratings 10 = Perfectly Safe 0 = Very unsafe Data from MWDSC/USBR Salinity Management Study, June 1999. Sample of five Southern California communities. Initial sample = 1503

  14. Lake Bard Water Filtration Plant • Calleguas Municipal Water District • Source water is Lake Bard • Seasonal algae problems results in T&O • Ozone process • Oxidizes T&O • Improves micro-flocculation • High downstream filtration rates (9 gpm/ft2)

  15. Oxygenation System Schematic

  16. Tower and Eduction System

  17. Jamieson Canyon Water Treatment Plant • City of Napa, CA • Current plant expansion: 12 to 24 mgd • North Bay Aqueduct Water Quality • Episodes of elevated TOC and turbidity • Terminal Reservoir subject to algae and T&O • Open (sunlight) • Nutrient input from bird population

  18. Raw Water Quality

  19. Ozone System Design Criteria

  20. Jamieson Canyon WTP (Cont’d) • Pre-Ozone for simultaneous benefits: • T&O treatment • Pre-oxidize without forming THMs and HAAs • Oxidation of organics and color • Lower coagulant dosage

  21. Jamieson Canyon WTP (Cont’d) • Pre-Ozone for simultaneous benefits: • Disinfection benefit • Ability to use settled water pipe as intermediate ozone contactor • Removal of PPCPs

  22. Conclusions • Taste and odor quality important to consumers • Expense of T&O treatment drives us to look for multiple benefits • Opportunity for creativity

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