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Social Cognitive View

Social Cognitive View. Integrates Social Learning and Cognitive Theories Reciprocal determinism Self-regulation Expectancy values & self-efficacy. Reciprocal Determinism. Behaviorism Environment Person Social learning theory Person

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Social Cognitive View

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  1. Social Cognitive View Integrates Social Learning and Cognitive Theories • Reciprocal determinism • Self-regulation • Expectancy values & self-efficacy

  2. Reciprocal Determinism • Behaviorism Environment Person • Social learning theory Person Environment-1 Environment-2 Environment-3 Person Environment

  3. Self-Regulation • Delay of gratification • Emotion regulation • Limitations of self-regulation

  4. Delay of gratification • Children are given the choice: • Small reward now • Large reward later • How long can children can wait? • What strategies are used?

  5. Delay of Gratification as Predictor • Delay of gratification at age four can predict competence in adolescence: • social competence • cognitive competence • scholastic achievement (SAT) • coping with frustration • What is DOG based on? • Impulse inhibition? • General intelligence?

  6. Strategies for Delay of Gratification Waiting is easy if ... • … reward is hidden • … you think distracting thoughts • … you think of physical aspects of non-reward (think of a pretzel while waiting for a cookie) • … you see only a picture of the reward: • Waiting is easy if real reward is imagined as picture • Waiting is difficult if picture is imagined as real • Regulation of Attention seems to be central!

  7. Emotion Regulation Definition: • Any process that increases, decreases or modifies emotions • Relevant for any aspect of emotion • Experience • Behavior • Physiology • Can be conscious or unconscious.

  8. Possible points of regulation: • Situation selection • Situation modification • Attention direction • Cognitions / attributions • Modulating responses • Experience • Behavior • Physiology

  9. Comparison Between Strategies for Emotion Regulation (Gross) Suppression • reducing expressive behavior: • “control your expression so that nobody could tell what you are feeling” Reappraisal • cognitive reframing • “think about the situation in a way that reduces the emotion”

  10. Success of Different Strategies • Both strategies reduce expressive behavior • Reappraisal reduces the experience of negative emotion • Suppression increases physiological responding

  11. Limitations of Self-Regulation Baumeister: “Strength” model of self-regulation • Self-regulation requires effort • Capacity for self-regulation is a limited resource • High demands on self-regulation will be followed by a period of reduced capacity

  12. Evidence for the “Strength” model of self-regulation: • Regulating emotional response to an upsetting film resulted in reduced hand-grip strength afterward • Trying to ‘not think about a white bear” led to: • reduced persistence at solving anagrams afterward • poorer suppression of amusement during a funny film afterwards

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