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Social-Cognitive Perspective

Social-Cognitive Perspective. Social-Cognitive Perspective. Agree with behaviorists: we learn many of our behaviors through conditioning, or by observing others and modeling BUT, social- cognitivists focus is on how we interact with our environment NOT just how the environment shapes us

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Social-Cognitive Perspective

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  1. Social-Cognitive Perspective

  2. Social-Cognitive Perspective • Agree with behaviorists: we learn many of our behaviors through conditioning, or by observing others and modeling • BUT, social-cognitivists focus is on how we interact with our environment • NOT just how the environment shapes us • Major research conducted by Albert Bandura (‘86)

  3. Social-Cognitive Perspective Reciprocal Determinism (Bandura): = The interacting influences between personality and environmental factors. 3 ways: • Different people choose different environments • We choose what shows to watch which then influence our beliefs • Our personalities shape how we interpret and react to events • An anxious person may perceive an event as more threatening • Our personalities help create situations to which we react • If we expect someone to be angry, they treat us coldly

  4. Social-Cognitive Perspective • In other words… • We are the PRODUCTS and the ARCHITECTS of our environment • Example:

  5. Personal Control Internal locus of control: = Perception that one controls one’s own fate • Achieve more, independent, healthier External locus of control: = Chance or outside forces beyond one’s control determine one’s fate • “Learned helplessness”

  6. Learned Helplessness Seligman et al (‘75, ‘91) Dogs are repeatedly shocked without the opportunity to escape When placed in a later situation where they could escape, dogs cowered and did not step over hurdle In the real world: situations of diminished control e.g. nursing home, factories, concentration camps, prisons

  7. Optimism • Research has shown: • Optimists tend to be met with more success and have better health then pessimists • e.g. a hopeful attitude, effort, good study habits will lead to improved grades (vs. “the teacher is bad”) • Excessive optimism can blind us to real risks (realism) • e.g. concern over bombing a test will lead to better results “Success requires enough optimism to provide hope and enough pessimism to prevent complacency”

  8. Assessing Behavior • Social-cognitivists believe the best means of predicting someone’s behavior is NOT a personality test, or an interviewer’s intuition • (i.e. trait, humanistic, & psychoanalytic perspectives • Rather, it is the person’s past behavior in similar situations • Therefore, explore the effect of different situations on people’s behavior and attitudes • Example: assessing candidates for spy missions

  9. Class Activity Learned Helplessness and Learning Disabilities • Visit the website: www.ldac-acta.ca • Scan the website and look for the following information: • What is a learning disability? • Who is affected? • What does it look like? (behavior) • How does it impact self-esteem and self-concept? • Compile your research into a thought-web • Read handout • Think of ways to prevent Learned Helplessness for LDs, and add to thought-web

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