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Forestry

Forestry. History. Thousands of years ago, much of Europe was covered in forests The Middle Ages saw significant deforestation as human population increased. North America. Early 1600s – lumber was essential to the economy (East Coast Maine was the world’s largest shipping port for lumber)

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Forestry

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  1. Forestry

  2. History • Thousands of years ago, much of Europe was covered in forests • The Middle Ages saw significant deforestation as human population increased.

  3. North America • Early 1600s – lumber was essential to the economy (East Coast Maine was the world’s largest shipping port for lumber) • Lumber was used to build ships • Extraction of lumber increased dramatically during the Industrial Revolution

  4. Note: “Virgin Forest” is original unlogged forest

  5. Canada – some statistics • Canada has 10% of the world’s forests • Forests cover nearly ½ the country • 180 tree species in Canada • 94% is publically owned (government or “crown land”) 6% privately • Also urban forests (parkland in cities) • 300,000 jobs, 300 forestry based communities • $30 billion dollar industry (exports) • Newsprint, paper, lumber, woodpulp

  6. Three Major Types of Forest • Old-Growth Forest – has never been harvested or seriously disturbed by human activities or natural disasters for several hundred years • Second-Growth Forest – develop naturally after trees in an area have been harvested or removed • Tree Plantations - or tree farms – managed area of same-age trees of one species

  7. Old Growth

  8. Second-Growth

  9. Tree Plantation / Tree Farm

  10. Tree Plantation / Tree Farm

  11. Silviculture • Silviculture is a system of controlling the planting, growth, composition, health, and quality of forests to meet diverse needs and values of the many landowners, societies and cultures. • In other words, silvicuture is the growing, tending, and harvesting of trees instead of field crops

  12. Three basic systems (handout) • Clearcutting • Selective Cutting • Shelterwood • There are advantages and disadvantages for each

  13. Forests are a renewable resource • Unlike fossil fuels or mined metals, the practice of harvesting trees CAN be sustainable, when trees are replaced at the rate they are harvested. • In Canada, forest companies are required to replant.

  14. Environmental Effects of Forestry • Climate Change – reduction of a natural sink for CO2 (less photosynthesis) • Reduction of biodiversity • Habitat loss • Soil Erosion (vegetation removal) • Monoculture (reforestation) can make forests more susceptible to disease and pests • Reforested areas – less undergrowth and decaying material so less habitat for animals

  15. “Slash and Burn” in Brazil- mostly for grazing cattle

  16. Boundary between Haiti and the Dominican Republic

  17. Boundary between Haiti and the Dominican Republic

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