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Forestry

Forestry. Introduction to World Agriculture. Objectives. Define terms related to forestry. Describe the forest regions of the US. Discuss important relationships among forests, wildlife, and water resources. Identify important types and species of trees. Describe how a tree grows.

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Forestry

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  1. Forestry Introduction to World Agriculture

  2. Objectives • Define terms related to forestry. • Describe the forest regions of the US. • Discuss important relationships among forests, wildlife, and water resources. • Identify important types and species of trees. • Describe how a tree grows. • Discuss important properties of wood.

  3. Terms • Forest land • Timberland • Forest • Trees • Shrubs • Lumber • Board foot • Evergreen • Conifers • Softwood • Deciduous • Hardwood • Pulpwood • Clear cut • Plywood • Veneer • Cambium • Annual rings • Xylem layer • Sapwood • Phloem • Inner bark • Heartwood • Hardness • Shrinkage • Warp • Ease of working • Woodlot • Silviculture • Arboriculture • Seedlings • Forester • Virgin forests

  4. What is forestry? • Forestry- management of forests • Forest land- land at least 10 percent stocked by forest trees of any size • Timberland- forest land that is capable of producing in excess of 20 cubic feet per acre per year of industrial wood • Forest-a complex association of trees, shrubs, and plants, which all contribute to the life of the community

  5. Forestry Terms • Trees-woody perennial plants with a single stem that develops many branches • Shrubs- woody plants with a bushy growth pattern and multiple stems • Lumber- boards that are sawed from trees • Forest land may include parks, wilderness land, national monuments, game refuges, and other areas where harvesting of trees is not permitted.

  6. Trees in the forests of US are divided into 2 categories: • Evergreen • Do not shed leaves on a yearly basis • Conifers- evergreen trees that produce seeds in cones, have needle-like leaves, and produce lumber called softwood • Deciduous • Shed their leaves every year and produce lumber called hardwood

  7. Forest Regions • Northern Coniferous Forest • Northern Hardwoods Forest • Central Broad-leaved Forest • Southern Forest • Bottomland Hardwoods Forest • Pacific Coast Forest • Rocky Mountain Forest • Tropical Forest • Hawaiin Forest

  8. Relationships between Forests and other Natural Resources • Read pages 192- 193 • Importance of forests

  9. Softwoods • Douglas Fir • Balsam Fir • Eastern and Western Hemlock • Cedar • Eastern Red, Eastern White, and Western Red • White Pine • Southern Pine • Ponderosa Pine • Sitka Spruce

  10. Hardwoods • Birch • Maples • Poplar • Sweetgum • White and Red Oak • Aspen • Ash • Beech • Cherry • Hickory • Sycamore • Black Walnut • Black Willow

  11. Tree Growth and Physiology • Cambium- growth layer • Annual rings- outward growth of cambium in one year creates these as seen in the cross section of a root, trunk, or limb • Water and minerals are taken in by the roots and transported to the leaves through a layer of cells called thexylem layerorsapwood.

  12. Tree Growth and Physiology • Phloem or inner barkcarries food manufactured in the leaves to the stems, trunk, and roots. • Each year the tree grows new cambium, xylem, and phloem tissues, and the older sapwood becomes heartwood. • Heartwood-inactive core that gives a tree strength and rigidity

  13. Properties of Wood • Hardness • Weight • Shrinkage • Warp • Ease of working • Paint holding • Nail holding • Decay resistance • Bending strength • Stiffness • Toughness • Surface characteristics

  14. Woodlot Management • Woodlot- small, privately owned forest • Factors that need to be considered in the management of woodlots include: • Water • Soil • Light • Type of trees • Condition of trees • Markets available • Methods of harvesting • Replanting

  15. Woodlot Management • Using scientific methods in the management of forests is called silviculture. • The care and management of trees for ornamental pruposes is called arboriculture.

  16. Woodlot Management • Seedlings (young trees started from seeds) are planted during late winter and early spring before the new season’s growth begins. • Clear cut- all marketable trees have been removed • Forester- person who studies and manages forests • Virgin forests- those that have never been harvested

  17. Terms • Plywood- construction material made of thin layers of wood glued together • Veneer- very thin sheet of wood glued to a cheaper species of wood that is used in paneling and furniture making

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