Forestry

1. Forestry

3. The Arctic Circle is covered in permafrost, yet Point Pelee in southern Ontario is further south than northern California. • The soil and water and conditions that sustain the nations forest, vary greatly across such geographic expanse. As a result, Canada features many forest regions and sub-regions, each supporting characteristic tree species and forest types..

5. Fast Facts • Canada has 10 percent of the world's forests. • The forest sector's contribution to the Canadian economy (GDP) in 2002 constant dollars was 2.4 percent, or 28.8 billion, in 2006. • Wages and salaries for direct employment were $12.5 billion in 2005. • In 2006, Canada was the world's largest forest-product exporter (15.9 percent).

6. Climate Zones of Canada

9. Types of forests • Coniferous (90%) • softwood • These evergreen trees have needle-like leaves that keep their green color all year long. These trees have a shallow root system.  The coniferous forests have short warm summers and long, cold winters • spruce, pine, fir, cedar

10. Types of forests • Deciduous (< 1%) • hardwood • are trees that lose all of their leaves for part of the year. • they remain dormant throughout the winter and bloom again in the spring.

11. Types of Forests • Mixed • combination of both coniferous and deciduous

12. Productive Forests • Are those that can be harvested profitably. (Commercial) • Usually found in warmer, wetter regions aiding in the quicker growth of larger trees • Closer to pre-existing infrastructure (roads, rail, or waterways)

13. Unproductive Forests • Found in isolated areas and / or where the climate is colder • The trees are smaller and spaced farther apart • Transportation routes are few, if they exist at all.

14. Forest Regions 1. Boreal – There are three subregions 1. a) Boreal(predominantly forest) - the largest forested area in Canada This region forms a continuous belt from Newfoundland and Labrador west to the Rocky Mountains and north to Alaska. - Short, cool summers – long cold winters and moderate precipitation - infertile, acidic, podzolic soil that is thin and poorly drained.

15. 1. b) Boreal(forest and barren) - a sub-region north of the Boreal Forest Region. - has a colder, windier, and drier climate and shorter growing season Along the northern edge the forest thins into open lichen-woodland and then treeless Tundra. - underlain by discontinuous permafrost

16. c) Boreal(forest and grass) - a sub-region south of the main Boreal Forest Region. - The transition zone between forest and the grassland of the southern prairies - less water is available for tree growth

17. 2. West Coast Coniferous Rain Forest - most productive region in Canada - located on the western slopes of the Coast Range Mountains - high levels of moisture (orographic precipitation) - moderate temperatures

19. 3. Columbia Coniferous Forest - found on the western slopes of the interior mountains of BC - shorter and smaller than the West Coast Coniferous Rain Forest because of a shorter growing season and less rain fall - second most productive forest region

20. 4. Montane Coniferous Forest - covers most of the interior uplands of British Columbia - lie in the rain shadow of the Coast Mountains - less precipitation than the other BC forest regions

21. 5. Deciduous Forest - found in southern Ontario - hot summers and shorter winters mean a longer growing season - fertile soils - much of the region has been cleared for agriculture and urban expansion

22. 6. Great Lakes/St Lawrence Mixed Forest - extends inland from the Great Lakes and St, Lawrence River to southeastern Manitoba. - This region is mixed coniferous-deciduous - it is a transition region between the boreal and deciduous forests - cooler temperatures and shorter growing season than the deciduous forest

23. 7. Acadian Mixed Forest - stretches across most of the Maritime provinces. - also a transition region - trees are suited to the cooler and wetter climate of the Atlantic Coast

24. What region do you think is represented in the following video? North Shore Riding