1 / 33

Forestry

Forestry. Tree terms. Saw log- 6-8 inches for soft wood, 10-12 inches for hardwoods. Cut types. More Cut Types. Selection cut- promotes uneven aged stands Selective cut- removes oldest, most valuable trees, bad for forest growth Shelterwood retains 30-70% of canopy

zavad
Download Presentation

Forestry

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Forestry

  2. Tree terms Saw log- 6-8 inches for soft wood, 10-12 inches for hardwoods

  3. Cut types

  4. More Cut Types • Selection cut- promotes uneven aged stands • Selective cut- removes oldest, most valuable trees, bad for forest growth • Shelterwood retains 30-70% of canopy • Clear cutting is good for PA forests because it allows sun loving trees like black cherry and oak to regenerate

  5. Stand Types

  6. Forest Structures

  7. Fires • 98% ignited by humans, mostly burning debris

  8. PA Forestry • 30% of PA economy is based on forestry • 17 million Acres of forest cover, almost 60 % of the State • Produces more than a billion board feet of hardwood and three-quarters of a million cords of pulpwood • Most of PA white pine & hemlock forests cut by early 1900s • Now even aged mixed hardwoods • 90% of PA trees are hardwoods

  9. Forest Affect on Water • Incepts & infiltrates water • Trees Consume Storm Water • Removes Pollutants • Phytoremediation – examples trees in parking lots • Riparian Buffers

  10. Forestry Problems • Skidding is the process of dragging logs from the stumps to a central location, called a log landing, where they are loaded onto trucks and transported to the mill. • Log landings create large areas of unprotected, exposed soil • Roads disturb soil, increase erosion • Sewage removal • Pesticide use

  11. More facts • Trees are plants that can reach at least 15 ft tall • Forest is land with at least 10% trees

  12. Forest Fragmentation • Increases spread of invasives • Decreases mobility and habitat size of natives

  13. Mixed-oak forests • Contain primarily the oaks; including northern red oak, chestnut oak, white oak, scarlet oak; along with the maples, yellow-poplar, ash, hickories, and miscellaneous deciduous species. • The understory vegetation is mountain laurel and blueberry.

  14. Northern hardwood forests • Contain primarily black cherry, the maples, American beech, the birches • Understory composition often comprised of ferns, striped maple and beech brush. • Hemlock and eastern white pine are common to both forest types and both produce valuable wood products

  15. Succession

  16. Forest Types • Forest Openings- herbaceous rather than woody growth; insects, small mammals • Brush stage- small, dense, woody vegetation; browse and fruit, nesting cover • Pole timber- less wildlife value, more timber value • Mast/Mature timber- (mast is the fruit of woody plants) high protein and fat for animals,

  17. Tree Types • Large old- nesting cavities, roosting, mast • Snags and cavity- dead but standing, perches, cavities • Evergreens- cover from cold and snow • Vines, shrubs, fruit- form understory • Riparian- form fish and wildlife habitats, act as sponges

  18. Special Habitats • Wetlands- most productive, but least common in PA; greatest biodiversity • Seep Springs- Snow free in winter, providing water and food • Cliffs- secure nesting and unique habitats • Caves- shelter, nesting, and roosting

  19. Biodiversity Levels

  20. Factors the Increase Extinction • Specializers • Sought by People • Rare • Codependent • Top of the Food Chain • Low Reproduction Rate

More Related