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Geothermal Energy: An Overview

Geothermal Energy: An Overview. Kenneth M. Klemow, Ph.D. Wilkes University. © 2000 Geothermal Education Office. Points to be covered. The deep earth as a thermal source Direct uses of geothermal energy Types of geothermal electrical generation Benefits of geothermal power generation

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Geothermal Energy: An Overview

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  1. Geothermal Energy: An Overview Kenneth M. Klemow, Ph.D. Wilkes University

  2. © 2000 Geothermal Education Office

  3. Points to be covered • The deep earth as a thermal source • Direct uses of geothermal energy • Types of geothermal electrical generation • Benefits of geothermal power generation • Current levels of electrical generation capacity worldwide • Issues regarding geothermal • The WebQuest

  4. 20-65 km 5-6 km (6940 km) (2900 km) © 2000 Geothermal Education Office

  5. Temperature and depth • Average gradient: • 2.5 - 3.0oC / 100m • Variation: • 1.0 - 25oC / 100m • So if assuming average, temps at depth will be:

  6. © 2000 Geothermal Education Office

  7. iga.igg.cnr.it

  8. iga.igg.cnr.it

  9. iga.igg.cnr.it

  10. Direct Electrical generation www.energywhiz.com www.coloradodirectory.com/cottonwoodhotsprings/ Geothermal energy is used in two ways

  11. www.strose.edu www.hickerphoto.com www.geothermal-biz.com geothermal.marin.org www1.eere.energy.gov Direct uses of geothermal energy

  12. http://iga.igg.cnr.it/geo/geoenergy.php

  13. http://iga.igg.cnr.it/geo/geoenergy.php

  14. Types of geothermal electrical generation • Dry steam • Flash steam • Binary cycle

  15. © 2000 Geothermal Education Office

  16. Geysers dry steam field in northern California © 2000 Geothermal Education Office

  17. © 2000 Geothermal Education Office

  18. Flash steam plant in Japan © 2000 Geothermal Education Office

  19. © 2000 Geothermal Education Office

  20. © 2000 Geothermal Education Office

  21. Binary plant in Nevada © 2000 Geothermal Education Office

  22. Benefits of geothermal power • Provides safe and reliable power with little land consumption • Renewable and sustainable • Provides constant baseload power • Conserves fossil fuels • Benefits local economies • Can be implemented remotely • Can prevent pollution caused by fossil fuels © 2000 Geothermal Education Office

  23. 1932 2000 © 2000 Geothermal Education Office

  24. Geothermal electrical power output geothermal.marin.org

  25. © 2000 Geothermal Education Office

  26. © 2000 Geothermal Education Office

  27. What is potential for geothermal energy development? • Geothermal power could serve 100% of the electrical needs of 39 countries (over 620,000,000 people) in Africa, Central/ South America and the Pacific. (Source:www.geotherm.org/PotentialReport.htm link)

  28. What is potential for geothermal energy development? • Using current technology, geothermal energy from already-identified reservoirs can contribute 10% of U.S. energy supply. • With more exploration, inventory can become larger. • Entire world resource base of geothermal energy calculated to be larger than those of coal, oil, gas and uranium combined. • Further research and experience will improve geothermal resource base. geothermal.marin.org/

  29. What is potential for geothermal energy development? • According to Geothermal Energy Association (GEA), geothermal resources could supply over 30,000 MW of power by 2025 • Equivalent to 6 percent of today's total U.S. electricity needs, and equal to 100% of the electricity generated in California, Nevada and Idaho. geothermal.marin.org/

  30. http://www.greenjobs.com/Public/images/geothermal-jobs.gif Employment in geothermal?

  31. www.nwcommunityenergy.org Location of geothermal potential in US

  32. Geothermal heat pumps © 2000 Geothermal Education Office

  33. Benefits of geothermal heat pumps • Can be used almost anywhere worldwide • Are energy and cost efficient • Conserve fossil fuel resources • Provide clean heating and cooling; no emissions from burning fuels Deployment: 400,000 units in U.S. Yield: 1500 thermal mW of heating and cooling

  34. Any environmental problems? http://iga.igg.cnr.it/geo/geoenergy.php

  35. One clear environmental benefit

  36. So, is geothermal the answer to our energy concerns? You tell me!

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