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John Genet 6 th Annual Minnesota Wetlands Conference January 3 0 th 2013

Minnesota’s Depressional Wetland Condition Assessment (a.k.a. ‘Status & Trends of Wetland Quality in Minnesota’). John Genet 6 th Annual Minnesota Wetlands Conference January 3 0 th 2013. Overview. Target Population Survey Design Site Evaluation Results Assessment Results

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John Genet 6 th Annual Minnesota Wetlands Conference January 3 0 th 2013

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  1. Minnesota’s Depressional Wetland Condition Assessment (a.k.a. ‘Status & Trends of Wetland Quality in Minnesota’) John Genet 6th Annual Minnesota Wetlands Conference January 30th 2013

  2. Overview • Target Population • Survey Design • Site Evaluation Results • Assessment Results • Statewide Condition & Stressors • Ecoregion Condition & Stressors • Next Steps Report available on web: http://www.pca.state.mn.us/index.php/view-document.html?gid=17741

  3. Natural Basins vs. Manmade Basins

  4. Sample Frame: Minnesota’s Wetland Quantity Survey Plots ~ 5,000 one square mile plots statewide • Wetland Quantity Survey Classification System: • Wetland Types: • Forested • Scrub/Shrub • Emergent • Other: • Deep Water • Natural • Agricultural • Silvicultural • Urban • Rural Development • Unconsolidated Bottom • Aquatic Bed • Cultivated

  5. Rotating Ecoregion Schedule • Indicators of Condition*: • Plant IBI • Invert IBI • Indicators of Stress*: • Water variables • Total P • NO3 + NO2 • Kjeldahl N • Chloride • Transparency • Wetland Functions: • MnRam, version 3.1 • *Regionally calibrated 2009 (n=59) Mixed Wood Shield Mixed Wood Plains Temperate Prairies 2007 (n=61) 2008 (n=62)

  6. Biological Indicators • Standardized Dipnet sweeps • Full sample pick in lab • Most IDs to genus, snails & leeches to species • Common metrics: ETO, % Dominant 3 taxa, Total taxa, %Tolerant, # Scraper genera Macroinvertebrate IBI Plant IBI • Sample plots (100 m2) in representative area of wetland • Species & cover estimates • Common metrics: # Vascular genera, # Sensitive taxa, Carexspp. cover

  7. Assessment Criteria/Benchmarks Least-disturbed Reference Sites Condition Category Percentile Stressor Category High 95th Med 75th Good Condition or Stressor Indicator 50th OR Low 25th Fair 5th Poor

  8. Desktop & Field Reconnaissance

  9. Site Evaluation Results * Missing Completely at Random (MCAR) assumption not violated in any ecoregion

  10. Statewide Condition Poor Good 20% Poor 29% Good 46% 47% Fair Fair Plant Indicator Invertebrate Indicator 33% 25% n = 182

  11. Man-Made vs. Natural Statewide 158,435 Natural 107,812 Man-made 50,623 Plant IBI Plant IBI Not Assessed < 1% Good Good Poor 30% 28% Poor 45% 48% Poor 11% Invert IBI Fair Macroinvertebrate IBI Fair Good 24% Poor 25% 27% 38% Fair Good 32% 57% Fair Wetland Size Categories 35% 0 20 40 60 80 100 Not % Wetland Basins Assessed 1% Good Poor 41% 41% Not Fair Assessed 17% < 1% Poor 11% Plant IBI Invert IBI Poor Fair Not 34% Good Good Good Assessed 4% 28% 46% 24% Poor 57% Poor 11% Fair 50% Poor Fair 20% 23% 26% Good Good Fair 57% 43% 32% Fair 34%

  12. Low Medium High Not Assessed Statewide Results Indicators of Stress Transparency Total Phosphorus Nitrate + Nitrite Nitrogen Stressor Levels Kjeldahl Nitrogen Chloride 0 20 40 60 80 100 % Wetland Basins

  13. > 50% 20-50% < 20 % Invasive Plants Not Assessed < 1% Natural Manmade Not Assessed Temperate Prairies Mixed Wood Plains Mixed Wood Shield < 1% 6% 31% 35% 27% 44% 24% 39% 47% 70% 59% 56% 21% 14% Emergent Zone 22% % Cover of Invasive Species: 5% 0 20 40 60 80 100 % Wetland Basins

  14. Extent & Relative Risk of Stressors • Relative Risk : the likelihood of having poor biology when specific stressors are high compared to having poor biological condition when stressors are low. Extent of Stressor Relative Risk 1.8 3.7 Chloride 4.0 1.7 Total Phosphorus 2.2 Invasive Plants Transparency 3.9 1.5 Kjeldahl Nitrogen 3.2 Nitrate + Nitrite N 1 2 3 4 5 0 10 20 30 40 50 % Wetlands with High Levels of each Stressor Relative Risk to Macroinvertebrates Relative Risk to Plant Community 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0

  15. Relative Risk to Plants Extent of Stressors Could not be determined Chloride Total Phosphorus Nitrate + Nitrite Nitrogen Chloride Transparency Total Phosphorus 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 Kjeldahl Nitrogen 0.0 0.5 1.0 2.0 0 2 4 6 8 1.5 10 0 20 40 60 80 Transparency % Wetland Basins Relative Risk Kjeldahl Nitrogen Nitrate+Nitrite Nitrogen 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 % Wetland Basins Relative Risk to Macroinvertebrates Extent of Stressors Relative Risk to Macroinvertebrates Relative Risk to Macroinvertebrates Relative Risk to Plants Relative Risk to Plants Extent of Stressors Total Phosphorus Kjeldahl Nitrogen Transparency Chloride Nitrate + Nitrite Nitrogen Could not be determined Could not be determined 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 0 10 20 30 40 Relative Risk Relative Risk Relative Risk Relative Risk Relative Risk % Wetland Basins 0 2 4 6 8 10 0 1 2 3 4

  16. Wetland Functions Statewide Natural Man - made 158,435 107,812 50,623 High Maintenance of Characteristic Wildlife Habitat Medium 23% High 31% 69% Medium 77% Maintenance of Characteristic Amphibian Habitat Low High Low 18% 20% 35% High 45% Medium Medium 45% 37% Water Quality -- Downstream High 17% High 39% Medium Medium 83% 61% Flood Attenuation Low 1% High High 40% 41% Medium Medium 60% 58% 0 20 40 60 80 100 % Wetlands

  17. Interannual Variability 100 macroinvertebrate IBI 90 plant IBI 80 • Assess contribution of regional variation between years on the results • 3 sites/ecoregion sampled each year of the survey • Analyzed data with repeated-measures ANOVA • Neither IBI was significant at either spatial scale • Lesson learned: random selection of these sites is not ideal for this purpose 70 60 A B 50 40 30 Mixed Wood Shield 20 100 80 10 60 0 40 2007 2008 2009 20 0 2007 2008 2009 Mean (±SE) IBI scores from annual sites (n = 9). Temperate Prairies 100 Mixed Wood Plains 100 80 80 60 60 40 40 20 20 0 0 2007 2008 2009 2007 2008 2009

  18. Status of MN Depressional Wetlands • ~160,000 occur in MN (~50,000 are manmade) • Veg community healthy in ~30% of these wetlands; varied regionally • Invert community healthy in ~50% of these wetlands; varied regionally and by origin (natural vs. manmade) • Cl & P are stressors to biological health of depressional wetlands • Majority of depressional wetlands receive high or medium functional ratings; natural basins outperform manmade for most functions

  19. Depressional Wetland Condition Assessment: Round Two • 100 sites sampled statewide • Data collected in summer 2012 • Dropped MnRAM as an indicator • Compare TP and MWP ecoregions to T1 • Conduct survey every 5 yrs. • Report completed in 2014

  20. Beyond Depressional Wetlands: Minnesota Wetland Condition Assessment • MPCA led random survey • 150 sites sampled statewide • All wetland types included • Floristic Quality Assessment • Data collected in summers of 2011 & 2012 • Conduct survey every 5 yrs. • Intensification of National Wetland Condition Assessment • Baseline report completed in 2015

  21. Acknowledgements Depressional Survey • MPCA Staff: Mark Gernes, Mike Bourdaghs, Joel Chirhart, Harold Wiegner, Dan Helwig • EPA Office of Research & Development: Tony Olsen, Tom Kincaid • Interagency Project Steering Committee • EPA Wetland Demonstration Pilot Grant

  22. Questions?John.Genet@state.mn.us

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