Introduction to Animals

Introduction to Animals Ch. 26 Review

List the 7 levels of Linnaeus’s classification hierarchy starting with the most general Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

State the 3 characteristics that classify animals: • Multicellular • Heterotrophic • Cells lack cell wall

Single-celled organisms digest their foodinside cellsoutside cells(intracellular) (extracellular) • Within their body cells (intracellular) Breaking down food molecules into small molecules is know as . Digestion

Heterotroph PRACTICE VOCAB: Organism that obtains food by eating other organisms ____________________ Animal without a backbone ____________________ Kind of circulatory system in whichblood is contained inside vessels __________________ An organism’s evolutionary history __________________ animal whose mouth does not develop From the blastopore invertebrate closed phylogeny deuterostome

vertebrate PRACTICE VOCAB: Organism with a backbone ____________________ Organism with determinate spiral cleavage whose blastopore becomes its mouth ____________________ A series of cell divisions that occur after fertilization Hollow ball of cells __________________ protostome cleavage blastula

fertilization PRACTICE VOCAB: Joining of an egg & sperm ____________________ transformation of blastula into gastrula, formation of the embryonic germ layers Kind of circulatory system in whichblood is NOT contained in vessels __________________ and flows loose inside the coelom When dividing cells become increasingly different from each other ______________________ Gastrulation open differentiation

No matter which way you slice this animal, you never get 2 equal halves. It has __________ asymmetry. Asymmetry bilateral symmetry radial symmetry True OR FalseOrganisms that share structures probably have a common ancestor. TRUE

invertebrate PRACTICE VOCAB: Organism without a backbone ____________________ Organism with indeterminate radial cleavage whose blastopore becomes its anus ____________________ Organism that must get nutrients by consuming other organisms __________________ Produces offspring genetically identical to parent __________________ deuterostome heterotroph Asexual reproduction

blastula PRACTICE VOCAB: A hollow ball of cells formed when a zygote undergoes repeated mitosis ________________________ In animals, the arrangement of body parts around a central axis ______________________ ganglia at the anterior end of the animal serve as a primitive __________________ Fluid filled body cavity that contains the internal organs Radialsymmetry brain coelom

Type of symmetry seenin jellyfish in which dividingthe animal in several directions can produce equalhalves.Asymmetry radial bilateral radial Images from: http://www.utm.edu/~rirwin/symmetry2.htm

Acoelom Type of coelom in which there is NO space and mesoderm fills the area between ectoderm ____________________ and endoderm Type of coelom in which mesoderm Is found lining the outside body wall and surrounding the gut __________________ Type of coelom in which mesoderm lines the outside body wall but is NOT found around the gut ____________________ coelom pseudocoelom

http://www.lander.edu/RSFOX/310images/310bilatImage.html Animals (like some worms) with a type of body in which there is NO body cavity. acoelomates This depression thatforms in the side of a blastula when cellsmove inward is calleda ______________. blastopore Image from: http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16cm05/1116/16anim3.htm

coelom PRACTICE VOCAB: Body cavity (space) formed within the mesoderm that surroundsthe internal organs ____________________ Specific layer of cells in an embryo from which specific organ systems develop ____________________ Outside embryonic layer of cells that gives rise to outer layer of skin and nervous system __________________ Embryonic layer of cells that gives to muscles and to interior body linings __________________ Germ layer ectoderm mesoderm

cephalization PRACTICE VOCAB: The concentration of nervous tissue and sensory organs in the anterior end of an animal ____________________ In animals the body plan where the left and right sides are mirror images of each other ____________________ Series of repeating similar units in coelomate animals __________________ Depression formed when the cellsof a blastula move inward __________________ Bilateral symmetry Segments blastopore

excretory Body system for removing nitrogen waste ____________________ Body system for transporting nutrients and oxygen around in body ____________________ Body system that exchanges gases with the environment __________________ Body system that maintains the balance of water/ions(osmoregulation) __________________ circulatory respiratory excretory

nervous Body system for receiving info about the environment and responding ________________ Body system for obtaining nutrients ____________________ Body system that produces offspring __________________ Body system that providessupport and protection ______________________ __________________ digestive reproductive skeletal

skeletal Body system that providessupport and protection ______________________ Body system that makes hormoneswhich control other body systems ________________ Body system that deals withwhat covers the animal __________________ Type of cleavage pattern in which dells stack on top of each other and decide later on what they will become ______________ endocrine integumentary Indeterminateradial cleavage

exoskeleton PRACTICE VOCAB: A skeleton found on the outside of an animal’s body __________________ Digestive cavity with only one opening ____________________ State the four characteristics all chordates share at some point in development Gastrovascular cavity Notochord dorsal nerve cord Postanal tail Pharyngeal pouches

State the 3 embryologic germ layers Ectoderm Endoderm mesoderm State the body cavity for each description Coelomate Acoelomate Pseudocoelomate Have a true coelom No body cavity Body cavity located between the mesoderm and endoderm

Match the origin with the primary tissue layer it developed from Digestive organs Reproductive organs Sense organs Nervous system Muscles Liver skin Skeleton Urinary bladder Excretory organs Circulatory system mesoderm Endoderm mesoderm Endoderm Endoderm mesoderm ectoderm mesoderm ectoderm ectoderm mesoderm

Sequences the stages of early embryonic development Fertilization gastrulation begins Cleavage Blastula forms Diploid Zygote Differentiation begins Fertilization Diploid zygote Cleavage begins Blastula forms Gastrulation begins Differentiation

Label the directions DORSAL A.__________________ ANTERIOR POSTERIOR __________________B D_______________ VENTRAL ___________________ C Animation from: http://bestanimations.com

dorsal The top surface or back of an animal is the _____________ side.Dorsal ventral anterior posterior

NAME THE TYPE OF COELOM Acoelom Eucoelom Pseudocoelom Images from: http://www.lander.edu/RSFOX/310images/310bilatImage.html

A diagram that is used to show the evolutionary relationships thought to exist between organisms is based on a variety of evidence is called a _______________________ phylogenetic tree http://www.cyber.vt.edu/geol3604/l8.htm

Introduction to Animals