Introduction to Animals

1. Domain Bacteria Domain Archaea Domain Eukarya Common ancestor Introduction to Animals Section 1 – Characteristics of All Animals

2. Animals Invertebrates (animals without a backbone) PoriferaCnidaria Worms Mollusks EchinodermsArthropods

3. Animals Vertebrates- Animals with backbones FishAmphibians Reptiles BirdsMammals

4. Animal Groups

5. Characteristics of ALL Animals: EUKARYOTES • Are ____________________ cells have nucleus & membrane bound organelles 2. Are ____________________ get food from consuming other organisms 3. Are ____________________ made of many cells 4. Show __________________ different kinds of cells do different jobs HETEROTROPHIC MULTICELLULAR SPECIALIZATION

6. Characteristics of ALL Animals: MOVE 5. _____________ (at some point in life cycle) for food, find mates, escape danger • Contain _____________ which carries the genetic code 7. ____________________ Make offspring Most have sexual reproduction (few asexual) DNA REPRODUCE

7. 10 Body Systems : INTEGUMENTARY 1. _____________________ OUTSIDE BODY COVERING (fur, skin, scales, feathers) Covers and protects, ID,prevents heat & water loss

8. 10 Body Systems : DIGESTIVE 2. ________________ Breaks down food to obtain nutrients & gets rid of undigested waste

9. Only one opening: FOOD IN and WASTE OUT through same opening

10. Two openings: FOOD IN at one end (mouth) WASTE OUT at other end (ANUS)

11. Two openings: Most efficient If food flows only one direction it allows for organ specialization (Different parts can start to do different jobs)

12. 10 Body Systems : CIRCULATORY 3. __________________ Transports nutrients/oxygen to body cells Carries carbon dioxide/nitrogen waste away from cells Circulatory fluid can be: inside blood vessels = _________ loose inside body spaces = _______ CLOSED OPEN

13. 10 Body Systems : RESPIRATORY 4. ___________________ • Exchange gases with the • environment • take in oxygen • get rid of waste gases (CO2 &/or ammonia)

14. 10 Body Systems : 5. ___________________ • Get rid of nitrogen waste made by cells • Help with HOMEOSTASIS by maintaining water/ion balance (_________________________) EXCRETORY OSMOREGULATION

15. NITROGEN WASTE : AMMONIA _________________ Most TOXIC Must be removed QUICKLY Needs MOST water to dilute _________________ Made from ammonia by liver Less toxic than ammonia Can be stored if diluted with water (Needs less water to dilute than ammonia) _________________ LEAST TOXIC Can be stored if diluted with water (Needs LEAST amount of water to dilute) UREA URIC ACID

16. 10 Body Systems : SKELETAL 6. ___________________ Framework to support body/protection Skeleton on inside = _______________ Skeleton on outside = _______________ ENDOSKELETON EXOSKELETON

17. 10 Body Systems : MUSCULAR 7. _______________ Locomotion- move body itself OR move substances through body (EX: food through digestive system; blood through vessels)

18. 10 Body Systems : REPRODUCTIVE 8. _____________________ Produce offspring by combining genetic material from 2 parents = __________________________ SEXUAL REPRODUCTION Produce offspring using genetic material from only 1 parent =_____________________________ ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

19. 10 Body Systems : INDIRECT ______________ DEVELOPMENT immature LARVA looks different than adult __________ DEVELOPMENT young are smaller versions on adults DIRECT

20. Sperm and egg join outside female’s body =___________________ Sperm and egg join inside female’s body = ____________________ External fertilization Internal fertilization

21. NERVOUS 9. ___________________ Receive sensory infoabout environment & send response signals

22. ENDOCRINE 10. __________________ Make hormones that regulate other body systems (only in higher animals)

23. ALL WASTE is NOT THE SAME! made by cells from break down of proteins left over from undigested food Handled by digestive system Handled by excretory system Feces (poop) ammonia, urea, or uric acid

24. Kinds of Symmetry No symmetry Radial symmetry Bilateral symmetry

25. ASYMMETRY ___________________No symmetry Doesn’t matter how you cut it; you never get 2 identical halves.

26. _______ Symmetry Radial Get 2 identical halves in several directions.

27. ___________ Symmetry Bilateral If divide animal down the middle you get 2 mirror images BUT only divides equally in ONE direction

28. All animals except sponges, jellyfish, anemones have 3 germ layers in their embryos Endoderm Mesoderm Ectoderm Digestive system, respiratory Muscle, excretory, bones, circulatory Outer skin, brain, nervous system

29. Types of Coeloms (See-lums) No cavity (space) around organs ACOELOM = “without space”

30. Types of Coeloms Space around organs but only lined with mesoderm on one side (lines body wall BUT NOT around gut) PSEUDOCOELOM

31. Kinds of Coeloms EUCOELOM: Body cavity (space) lined on BOTH sides by mesoderm EUCOELOM = TRUE COELOM = COELOM

32. EUCOELOMATES ALL VERTEBRATES & SOME INVERTEBRATES ALL ANIMALS you will dissect this year are EUCOELOMATES!

33. 3 Types of Coeloms ACOELOM EUCOELOM PSEUDOCOELOM ectoderm mesoderm endoderm

34. Advantages of having a COELOM (body space): Provides space for internal organs In animals without a skeleton- Fluid in coelom space can act as a HYDROSTATIC skeleton In animals without blood vessels- Fluid in coelom space can circulate nutrients and oxygen to cells

35. Which way is up? ANTERIORhead end DORSAL (top) POSTERIOR tail end VENTRAL (underneath)

36. ________________ CEPHALIZATION Concentration of nervous tissue and sensory organsin anterior end of an organism (head area)