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I. Late Medieval Background II. Italian Renaissance Art III. The Northern Renaissance

I. Late Medieval Background II. Italian Renaissance Art III. The Northern Renaissance IV. Crises of the Catholic Church: 1300–1517 V. Luther and the Reformation VI. Impact of the Reformation. I. Late Medieval Background A. Economic Depression and the Bubonic Plague

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I. Late Medieval Background II. Italian Renaissance Art III. The Northern Renaissance

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  1. I. Late Medieval Background II. Italian Renaissance Art III. The Northern Renaissance IV. Crises of the Catholic Church: 1300–1517 V. Luther and the Reformation VI. Impact of the Reformation Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present

  2. I. Late Medieval Background • A. Economic Depression and the Bubonic Plague • Drought > famine > weakness • 1347–50 — Plague • “Black Death” • B. Impact • End of medieval economic system • serfdom > wage labor

  3. II. Italian Renaissance Art • A. The Setting • Italian City-States — 5 major: • Milan • Naples • Papal States • Venice • Florence • Bankers • Medici • rule Florence (1434–94) • B. Literary Precedents • vernaculars • Dante Alighieri (1265–1321) • Divine Comedy • Geoffrey Chaucer (c. 1340–1400) • Canterbury Tales • Christine de Pizan (1365–c.1430) • The Book of the City of Ladies

  4. II. Italian Renaissance Art • A. The Setting • Italian City-States — 5 major: • Milan • Naples • Papal States • Venice • Florence • Bankers • Medici • rule Florence (1434–94) • B. Literary Precedents • vernaculars • Dante Alighieri (1265–1321) • Divine Comedy • Geoffrey Chaucer (c. 1340–1400) • Canterbury Tales • Christine de Pizan (1365–c.1430) • The Book of the City of Ladies Ignazio Danti, The Lagoon of Venice

  5. II. Italian Renaissance Art • C. Humanism • Definition • Francesco Petrarca (1304–74) • “Father of Humanism” • Latin poetry • Giovanni Boccaccio (1313–75) • Decameron • Classical Revival • “The Academy” • Marsilio Ficino (1433–99) • Pico della Mirandola (1463–94) • D. Art • Early • Giotto (c.1266–1337) • Masaccio (1401–28) • Sandro Botticelli (1447–1510) • Donatello (1386–1466) • High (1500–1530) Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519)

  6. C. Northern Painting • Jan van Eyck (c.1395–1441) • e.g. The Arnolfini Wedding • Albrecht Dürer (1471–1528) • Hans Holbein the Younger (1497–1543) • Hieronymus Bosch (1480–1516) • The Garden of Delights • Pieter Brueghel the Elder (c. 1525–69) • D. Northern Humanism • Desiderius Erasmus (c.1466–1536) • The Praise of Folly, 1511 • Sir Thomas More (1478–1535) • Utopia • III. The Northern Renaissance • A. The Influence of Printing • Johann Gutenberg, 1440s • movable type • B. Northern Europe • François Rabelais (c.1483–1553) • Gargantua and Pantagruel • Michel de Montaigne (1533–92) • essays • Ulrich von Hutten (1488–1523) • National Literatures • Miguel de Cervantes (1547–1616) • Don Quixote de la Mancha • William Shakespeare (1564–1616) • England • Elizabeth I (1588–1603)

  7. C. The Conciliar Movement • 1395, University of Paris • 1417—Schism ended • D. Political Challenges • Italian City-States • e.g., Milan • Gallican Church • IV. Crises of the Catholic Church: 1300–1517 • A. Papacy • Boniface VIII (1294–1303) • Unam Sanctam (1302) • Avignon Papacy (1302–1377) • The Great Schism (1378–1417) • Rome v. Avignon • B. Wycliffe and Hus • John Wycliffe (c.1320–84) • John Hus (c.1369–1415) • Bohemia • excommunicated • > Council of Constance, 1415 • > Hussite wars (1419–37)

  8. V. Luther and the Reformation • A. The Search for Salvation • Augustinians • Treasury of Merit • > Indulgences • First Crusade, etc. • > Sales of Indulgences • 1517 — Mainz Indulgence • Archbishop Albert of Mainz—50% • Pope Leo X — 50% for St. Peters • Johan Tetzel, Dominican monk • > Ninety-Five Theses, 1517 • B. Luther’s Challenge • Infallibility of the Pope • Authority of church fathers • Role of the clergy • “priesthood of all believers” • 1521 — Imperial Diet, at Worms • Peasant revolts

  9. C. Catholic Reformation • Savonarola (1452–98) • Cardinal Ximenes (1437–1517) • St. Teresa of Avila (1515–82) • Interior Castle, The Ladder of Perfection • Society of Jesus (Jesuits) • Ignatius Loyola (1491–1556) • Pope Paul III (1534–49) • Council of Trent (1545–63) • Catholic Church Luther • Sacraments 7 2 • Authority Bible, traditions Bible only • Indulgences upheld denied • Works upheld faith alone • VI. Impact of the Reformation A. The Anglican Church • Henry VIII (1509–47) • Catherine of Aragon (1485–1536) • annulment • Dissolution of the Monasteries • Edward VI (154753) • Somerset v. Northumberland • Mary Tudor • B. Protestantism on the Continent • Anabaptism • 1499 — Swiss Independence • Ulrich Zwingli (1484–1531) John Calvin (1509–64) Geneva — Consistory Institutes of the Christian Religion (1536)

  10. Fifteenth-century map of Canterbury

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