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The Russian Revolution 1917

The Russian Revolution 1917. . Tsar Nicholas II – last Romanov ruler of Russia. Pre-Revolutionary Russia. Autocracy (means rule by one person) Secret Police used against enemies of the Tsar Russo-Japanese War (1905) – defeat led to political Instability. SOCIAL.

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The Russian Revolution 1917

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  1. The Russian Revolution 1917

  2. Tsar Nicholas II – last Romanov ruler of Russia Pre-Revolutionary Russia • Autocracy (means rule by one person) • Secret Police used against enemies of the Tsar • Russo-Japanese War (1905) – defeat led to political Instability

  3. SOCIAL • Although there was no more serfdom, life for peasants was difficult • Russia was not very industrialized, compared with the rest of Europe

  4. Role of Rasputin • A mystic who “healed” the czar’s son who had hemophilia • Huge influence over royal family, bad reputation rubs off on royals

  5. WWI: The Last Straw • Russian Army ill-supplied • TOTAL WAR = people starving at home • Urban people form “soviets” – small revolutionary councils

  6. The Two Revolutions of 1917 Peace, Land And Bread! Lenin’s April Thesis • February Revolution – Food riots lead Tsar to abdicate • October Revolution – Communists (known as Bolsheviks) take control w/ military coup. Exit War. (Treaty of Brest-Litovsk)

  7. Lenin • New Ruler of Russia • Lenin = Bolshevik (a Russian Communist) Wanted a “vanguard” to lead the revolution • Communism could be forced by the vanguard, even without urban factory workers

  8. Results • Civil War in Russia until early 1920s – Commies versus everyone • New secret police: CHEKA (NKVD/KGB) • Communist rule in Russia (U.S.S.R.) from 1917-1991

  9. Lenin’s Rule • NEP – New Economic Policy • some capitalistic components (example: farmers could sell their crops) • Big, important industries were nationalized (owned by gov’t) (examples: trains, steel production) • Goal: Industrialize Russia • Lenin’s death – power struggle. Stalin wins.

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